题目内容
Choose the yum(美味的东西) and risk the yuk(讨厌的东西)?
Scientists have given us a lot of health warnings. The advice from cancer experts for avoiding bowel(肠) cancer is "try to avoid processed(加工过的) meats such as bacon, ham, corned beef and some sausages", and women fearing breast cancer are told "there doesn't seem to be a starting point at which alcohol consumption is safe",
But all these health warnings tend to have little influence on behavior, So who is being unreasonable —the scientists who give us health advice, or the public that just ignores it?
The curious fact is that both might be right. The reasoning behind these health warnings seems to be this: if you do more of something pleasurable (which we shall give the name “yum”) there is a higher risk of something bad (which we shall give the name “yuk”)occurring, so you should avoid yum.
But when presented with this argument you might ask two questions.
First, maybe the pleasure of yum makes the risk worth taking, especially if yuk might occur a long time in the future? Second, maybe there are other benefits of yum that could cancel out the risks of the particular yuk that has been identified (确认) ?
So suppose bacon sandwiches are your particular yum: research shows that 50g per day — that is a great greasy sandwich — increases your risk of bowel cancer by 20%.
But this means that out of every 100 people who stuffed down that big bacon sandwich every day of their lives, the number of bowel cancers would rise from five to six.
In addition, if a middle-aged woman gave up alcohol, it might reduce her risk of breast cancer, but could increase risk of some other cancers as well as heart disease.
So we need to look at the whole picture before trying to get people to change what they do, since everything has benefit and harms — just think of the joggers(慢跑者) who get knocked down by cars — and people need to be able to find their own balance.
Therefore, as you reach for your yum, perhaps sometimes pause a moment and realize that you are taking a gamble(赌博) on the yuk occurring, but that it may be a risk worth taking.
【小题1】What is the advice given by scientists for avoiding breast cancer?
A.Try to avoid processed meat. | B.Try to avoid alcohol. |
C.Try to choose the yum. | D.Try to risk the yuk. |
A.If you choose the yum, you will risk the yuk. |
B.If you risk the yuk, you’ll choose the yum. |
C.The yum is worth taking, especially if yuk might occur in the future. |
D.Other benefits of yum could cancel out the risks of the yuk. |
A.Because giving up alcohol might reduce breast cancer. |
B.Because people are not able to find their own balance. |
C.Because all the things have both sides. |
D.Because the advice given by scientists is not true. |
A.People are often influenced by the health warnings. |
B.Both the scientists and the public are not reasonable. |
C.Alcohol consumption has both benefit and harms. |
D.People should avoid yum to reduce the risk of yuk. |
【小题1】B
【小题1】A
【小题1】C
【小题1】C
解析
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Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.(本题请涂在答题卡上)
(E)
E. People’s misunderstanding about credit cards. F. Ways to save on the interest. |
80.______ Although credit cards are already a more acceptable part of the financial dealings, they are still regarded, especially in the time of a serious economic crisis, by many as being a major part of the “live now pay later” system. Along with hire-purchase regulations, credit cards, according to some, provide encouragement to spend more money. However, it’s only the fool who is dominated by the temptation to live, temporarily at least, beyond their means, and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.
81.______ Advertising campaigns have already promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They avoid the need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. And the monthly credit card bill is a loyal booker keeping your monthly purchase record and indicating your buying habits.
82.______ All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as two percent a year. But sensible purchase using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest-free credit. Using the card abroad, where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account, can extend this period even further.
83.______ It is worthwhile consulting more credit card companies before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted, interest rates, which may vary slightly; the number and range of outlets, though most cards cover major stores.
84.______ Undoubtedly, if used wisely, a credit card can cost nothing, or at lease help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty. However, we should also remember that the wrong use of the little plastic may drag us deep into financial troubles. More than half of the American personal bankruptcy(破产) and credit failure cases are connected with the wrong use of the credit card. Therefore, every time you open your wallet and reach for a credit card, remember to ask yourself:” Is the item necessary to me?” and “Do I really need so many credit cards?”