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______ the price of gas is starting to come down, many people are choosing to take the bus or the train instead.

A. Even though B. Now that

C. In case D. As though

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Are you single or married? Are you a cat or a dog owner? Do you exercise, or are you a “couch potato” (a person who sits on the sofa all day watching TV, eating and basically doing nothing)? These questions and many others are about your lifestyle.

People in the United States feel that they can choose their lifestyles and even shape their own identities.The great variety of lifestyles leads to constant national discussion of choices that people make.This freedom of choice is fun and exciting, but it also creates stress and uncertainty.In newspapers, lifestyle issues are discussed in the features or style section.In The Chicago Tribune this section is called “Tempo”.People turn to this section for lively discussion on lifestyle choices they face with regard to their personal identities, their families, and their social lives.

Many American people believe that they can make their lives happy and satisfying despite their problems.If they lack confidence or tend to feel anxious, shy, angry, or depressed, they believe that they can change themselves.Self-help books, magazines, and feature articles are filled with advice from experts about steps to take to become a happier or more satisfied person and to improve one’s self-respect.Part of this research for self-improvement is a belief that even one’s own appearance can be controlled.This is why there are so many articles in the newspaper about looking young, wearing the latest fashions, and becoming physically fit.

Lifestyle choices also involve moral and social issues.How should children be raised? How should people behave on a date? How should elderly people be treated? How can people stay happily married? All these kinds of issues are constantly discussed and are constantly changing.Not only are experts such as psychologists consulted, but stars from the political and entertainment worlds are held up as lifestyle leaders as well.In the newspaper, feature articles called profiles discuss in detail the personal lives or public work of movie stars, authors, artists, and exceptional individuals who are not stars.The lifestyle choices these people make contribute to the public discussion of all the issues that people think about.

A well-known advertising slogan is “Just do it.” In the culture of the United States, people believe that they can take action and become the kind of people they want to be and live the way they want to live.

1.The section “Tempo” in The Chicago Tribune mainly discusses ______.

A. lifestyle choices

B. current affairs

C. experts’ opinions on life

D. how to improve one’s self-respect

2.According to the author, Americans are pretty sure that they can ______.

A. control their own appearance

B. solve all the problems in their life

C. live a happy life in spite of their problems

D. improve their life by following the elders’ advice

3.According to the passage, people’s opinions on moral or social issues can be influenced by ______.

A. their superiors

B. family members

C. friends and colleagues

D. experts and famous people

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Just Do It

B. Make Our Lives Happy

C. Lifestyles in the United States

D. Choosing the Way We Live

If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead,we are diurnal(白天的) creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 一 called light pollution 一 whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design,which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected .

In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.

We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.

Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.

Living in a glare of our making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.

1.According to the passage, human being .

A. prefer to live in the darkness

B. are used to living in the day light

C. were curious about the midnight world

D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon

2.What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?

A. The night. B. The moon

C. The sky D. The planet

3.The writer mentions birds and frogs to .

A. provide examples of animal protection

B. show how light pollution affects animals

C. compare the living habits of both species

D. explain why the number of certain species has declined

4.It is implied in the last paragraph that

A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals

B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages

C. human beings cannot go to the outer space

D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe

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