题目内容

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winter.” And their report cards sounded more positive(正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”
    Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years．Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:
    A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent(才能) is genetic—you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
    On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.
    We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

68. What does the author think about the present generation?
       A. They don’t do well at school.              B. They are often misunderstood.
       C. They are eager to win in sports.            D. They are given too much praise.

69. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who               .
       A. doesn’t want to work hard              B. cares a lot about personal safety
       C. cannot share his ideas with others          D. can succeed with the help of teachers

70. What does the growth mind-set believe?
       A. Admitting failure is shameful.               B. Talent comes with one’s birth.
       C. Scores should be highly valued.             D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
71. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?
       A. Encourage them to learn from failures.      B. Prevent them from making mistakes.
       C. Guide them in doing little things.             D. Help them grow with praise.

DADA

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     Learning experiences happen to us throughout our lives.Not long ago,I had one that I
 would like to__1__.I was going to Marblehead with my sailboat team.The team was racing 
down the highway at 85 mph__2__,we realized we were__3__.Luckily,we saw a rest area 
ahead?.I had a brand-new (崭新的)$20 bill.I was so__4__ because I had never had that 
kind of cash before.But spending it on__5__seemed like throwing it away.We all rushed into 
the pizza line.__6__I got a pizza and a drink,and walked to my table.About halfway through
 the meal,I__7__I had not actually handed any money to the cashier.I had just__8__out,and
 nobody had noticed.I felt terrible.?
     My conscience(良心)opened its mouth and swallowed me in one big bite.I couldn’t__9__
over it.I just couldn’t go back to the cashier and__10__for my stolen pizza.I was so upset 
that I __11__ to give myself the pleasure of an ice cream for __12__that someone would 
say,“Hey,Jeff,why don’t yo u use the change __13__ the pizza instead of that nice,new $20 
bill?” I was not __14__of my cash now.?
     For the next two years,whenever I was __15__of the “pizza incident”,I would say to 
myself,“Don’t think about it...”?
     I have learned two things from this __16__.Maybe I was a fool for __17__in to my 
conscience,and being too stupid to appreciate a __18__pizza.But the real lesson is that even 
if you get away from what you have done your conscience will __19__ up with you.?
     This reflects the saying,“A coward (懦夫)dies a thousand deaths,a hero dies one.” I was
 a coward and have felt terrible about that incident at least a thousand times.If I had been a 
“__20__” and gone back to pay for the pizza,I would have felt a little uncomfortable about 
it only once,or maybe twice.

(     )1.A.say
(     )2.A.as
(     )3.A.lost
(     )4.A.excited
(     )5.A.rest
(     )6.A.Luckily
(     )7.A.thought
(     )8.A.walked
(     )9.A.look
(     )10.A.ask
(     )11.A.refused
(     )12.A.hope
(     )13.A.into
(     )14.A.sure
(     )15.A.warned
(     )16.A.experience
(     )17.A.turning
(     )18.A.free
(     )19.A.make
(     )20.A.coward

 B.talk
B.while
B.tired
B.eager?
B.food
B.Finally?
B.recognized?
B.left
B.get
B.pay
B.wanted
B.surprise
B.with
B.upset
B.reminded
B.experiment?
B.taking
B.cheap
B.wake
B.fool

C.share
C.then
C.hungry
C .satisfied
C.travel
C.immediately
C.noticed
C.worked
C.turn
C.apologize
C.hoped
C.anger
C.for
C.proud
C.thought
?C.story
C.handing
C.plain
C.catch
C.loser

 D.explain?
D.when?
D.anxious?
D.encouraged?
D.drink?
D.Actually ?
D.realized ?
D.found?
D.think
D.send?
D.meant
D.fear?
D.from?
D.pleased
D.told?
D.mistake
D.giving?
D.delicious
D.put
D.hero
     Every kid more or less complains about school. But five to ten percent of kids dislike it so much that
they don't want to attend. lf a child seems upset or anxious about school, pretends to be sick to stay
home, repeatedly winds up in the nurse's or principal's office, or refuses to talk about the school day,
you should be concerned.
     One fear that keeps children from enjoying school is separation anxiety. It most frequently occurs
during times of family problems or when a child is about to enter a new school. With younger kids, watch
how you say good-bye those first few days of school. A firm "Have a great day, and I'll pick you up at
2: 30!" is more confidence-inspiring than" Don't worry. I can be there in ten minutes if you need me. "
     You can help your child handle fearful situations-from speaking up in class to taking tests-by
rehearsing at home. Help make large projects less discouraging by breaking them into manageable
pieces. Teach your child to replace thoughts such as "I'm going  to  fail" with" I can  handle this".
     Some kids dislike school because they have no friends. This may be the case if your child is always
alone, fakes illness to avoid class outings or gives away treasured possessions in an attempt to be liked.
Often loneliness problems can be solved by improving social skills. A child may need to learn how yo
look others in the eye when he speaks, or how to talk above a whisper -or below a yell. You might
teach a young child a few "friendship openers", such as "Myname's Tom. What's yours? Do you want to
play games?"
1. When a school boy has separation anxiety, he is___________ .
A. worried about his study
B. uncertain if he can deal with his family
C. eager to go to school
D. unwilling to leave his family for school
2. Which of the following is NOT a fearful situation for a new school kid?
A. Making a public speech.
B. Taking an examination.
C. Finishing a lot of housework.
D. Doing a big amount of homework.
3. When a child gives his beloved toy to an unfamiliar classmate, he must be stuck in___________.
A. separation anxiety                
B. complaints about school
C. a loneliness problem              
D. a fearful situation
4. Which of the following best shows the composition of the passage ?
    ( l)-Paragraph 1
    (2)-Paragraph 2
    (3)-Paragraph 3
    (4)-Paragraph 4
A. (1)→(2)→(3)→(4)    
B. (1)(2)→(3)(4)
      ↗ (2)         ↗ (1)
C. (1)→(3)    
D. (2)→(4)
     ↘ (4)         ↘(3)

Scientists have confirmed that the majority of overweight people who try to lose weight either by cutting calories or exercising will return to their former size．Fewer than 10 percent of the l2 million British people who go on a diet each year succeed in losing significant amounts of weight and most of those who do put it all back on again within a year．

    The study of 25，000 people provides further evidence of the popularity of‘yo-yo dieting’where slimmers get into a cycle of losing weight and regaining it．The scientists，from the Medical Research Council’s National Survey of Health and Development，have concluded it is better to avoid getting fat in the first place．They followed 5，362 men and women from their birth in l946 and 20，000 from birth in l958，measuring their weight and blood pressure and assessing their lifestyles．The researchers found both groups began gaining weight in the 1980s and have steadily increased in size ever since．

    Dr Rebecca Hardy，the council’s programme leader on body size，said：“0nce people become, overweight，they continue extremely upwards．They hardly ever go back down．A(印刷不清两个单词)  weight but very few get back to normal。The best policy is to prevent people becoming overweight．For men weight goes up steadily through life。For women it starts slowly and accelerates in the mid-thirties．”

   But the study's findings do not mean dieting is pointless，as eating less and taking more exercise can increase fitness and lower blood pressure．In 2009，a quarter of adults and l4 percent of children were obese(过度肥胖的)，according to the Department of Health’s latest Health Survey for England．Although previous research has shown one in four Britons is trying to lose weight at any one time，it has been predicted that 60 percent of us will be obese by 2050，leading to even more cases of diabetes(糖尿病)，heart disease and cancer．Experts said we are programmed to put on weight rather than lose it．Dieting can make this tendency worse as decreasing calorie intake causes the body to go into starvation mode and reduce the amount of energy it naturally expends，making it even harder to lose weight．Commenting on the study，Professor Nick Finer from London Hospital，said：“It is unlikely that man would have progressed with mechanisms to fight against obesity which has only become a problem in the last 30～40 years．For most of human history，storing fat would have been an advantage．”

 47．According to Dr Rebecca Hardy，which of the following is TRUE?

    A．It is easier for men to lose weight than women．

    B．Once people lose weight，they never put on weight again．

    C．Never to become fat is the best way of keeping a good shape．

    D．The fact that fat people keep their weight upwards is unusual．

  48．The author says “the study’s findings do not mean dieting is pointless” because    ．

    A．the study lacks believable facts

    B．obese people are confident in losing weight

    C．dieting can really make a few people lose weight

    D．dieting and sports help to keep people free from some diseases

  49．From the last paragraph，we can learn that    ．

    A．decreasing calorie intake makes it even harder to lose weight

    B．the idea that people lose weight with mechanisms is practical

    C．being overweight is a lasting problem through the human history

    D．by 2050 more and more people will have got unfit because of losing weight

  50．Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?

    A．Which is better：cutting calories or exercisin97

    B．Fat people can’t really keep the weight off

    C．A new study on people’s health

D．How to go on a healthy diet

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