阅读理解 Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid．At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air．But does a baby have this understanding? To see whethe 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

阅读理解

　　Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid．At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air．But does a baby have this understanding?

　　To see whether babies know objects are solid, T．Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball．His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion．If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements．All the 16-to-24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there．

　　Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence．We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back．But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?

　　Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old．In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen．

　　When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear．If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train．This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence．But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case．The researcher substituted(替换)a ball for the train when it went behind the screen．The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train．But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换)．Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence”, while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object．

(1)

The passage is mainly about _________．
[　　]
A．	babies’ sense of sight
B．	effects of experiments on babies
C．	babies’ understanding of objects
D．	different tests on babies’ feelings

(2)

In Paragraph 3, “object permanence”means that when out of sight, an object _________．
[　　]
A．	still exists
B．	keeps its shape
C．	still stays solid
D．	is beyond reach

(3)

What did Bower use in his experiments?
[　　]
A．	A chair．
B．	A screen．
C．	A film．
D．	A box．

(4)

Which of the following statements is true?
[　　]
A．	The babies didn’t have a sense of direction．
B．	The older babies preferred toy trains to balls．
C．	The younger babies liked looking for missing objects．
D．	The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion．

答案：1．C;2．A;3．B;4．D;
解析：

(1)	主旨大意题。这篇短文讲述了科学家所做的观察婴儿对物体理解的实验。
(2)	词义猜测题。根据第三段中“We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back．”可猜测出这个短语的意思是“仍然存在”。
(3)	细节理解题。Bower所做的两个实验都用了屏幕。
(4)	细节理解题。根据第二段中“All the 16-to-24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there．”可判断出婴儿不能区分球和它的影像。

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阅读理解

World Health Report 2002

The life expectancy (平均寿命) of people around the world could increase by five to ten years if action against common health risks (冒险，风险) is taken．This is one of the findings in this year’s World Health Report released (发布) recently by the World Health Organization．The report is called “Reducing Risks，Promoting (促进) Life”．

Researchers found that ten major threats to good health are common around the world．The chief of the World Health Organization，Gro Harlem Brundtland，called them the ten leading killers．They include unsafe sex，poor nutrition (营养)，high blood pressure，use of tobacco and alcohol，unsafe water and unclean living conditions．Also included are high levels of dangerous fat in the blood，indoor smoke from solid fuels，a lack of iron in the body and too much body weight，or obesity (肥胖)．Together，these ten health risks make up forty percent of the fifty-six million deaths worldwide each year．

Doctor Brundtland called for reducing the ten main health risks by twenty-five percent within ten years．If this were done，life expectancy in industrial countries could increase by ten years．In developing countries，it could increase by five years．

Currently (通常地)，the number of life years lost because these health risks differ around the world．Doctor Brundtland says the differences these health risks create between rich and poor nations are shocking (骇人听闻的)．For example，about one-hundred-seventy-million children in poor countries are underweight. They do not weigh enough because they do not get enough food. However, more than one thousand millionお adults around the world are too fat. These people are mostly in rich, industrial countries.

Doctor Brundtland warns that the cost of inaction is serious. For example, she says nine million deaths a year linked to smoking will be reported by two-thousand–twenty if steps are not taken soon. Currently, about five millionお people die each year from diseases related to smoking.

Doctor Brundtland says that AIDS (艾滋病) and the HIV virus (艾滋病病毒) are having a huge effect on the length of life in Africa. Currently, life expectancy at birth in southern Africa is forty-seven years. The WHO estimates (估计) that ninety-five percent of HIV infections (感染) in Africa were caused by unsafe sex. She says there is an urgent need for sex education and the use of condom devices (孕器具) to prevent the spread of HIV.

Judge the following sentences true (T) or false (F).

1.It is certain that life expectancy of people around the world could increase by five to ten years in future.

1.　　 Most of the deaths worldwide each year are due to (由于) the ten leading killers such as unsafe sex, poor nutrition, high blood pressure and so on.

3.From the passage, we can infer that so far people haven’t dealt with smoking effectively.

4.The length of life in Africa is affected most by AIDS.

阅读理解

World Health Report 2002

Doctor Brundtland warns that the cost of inaction is serious. For e\xample, she says nine million deaths a year linked to smoking will be reported by two-thousand–twenty if steps are not taken soon. Currently, about five millionお people die each year from diseases related to smoking.

Judge the following sentences true (T) or false (F).

1.It is certain that life expectancy of people around the world could increase by five to ten years in future.

1.　　 Most of the deaths worldwide each year are due to (由于) the ten leading killers such as unsafe sex, poor nutrition, high blood pressure and so on.

3.From the passage, we can infer that so far people haven’t dealt with smoking effectively.

4.The length of life in Africa is affected most by AIDS.

阅读理解

　　The country of Chile is struggling to recover from one of the most powerful earthquakes in history．The quake struck the South American nation early Saturday morning．It registered 8．8 on the Richter scale．Ex-perts say the earthquake in Chile is among the five most powerful earthquakes ever recorded．

　　The epicenter of the earthquake is about 70 miles north of the city of Concepci6n．The area has been rocked by dozens of aftershocks since the big quake hit on Saturday morning．

　　On Sunday, Chilean President Michelle Bachelet updated reports on the toll the earthquake has taken．“It’s an enormous catastrophe,” she said．Countless buildings and roadways have been destroyed or badly damaged．Rescuers continued to work around the clock to find survivors who may be trapped under the rub-ble of fallen buildings．Government officials estimate more than 2 million people have lost their homes．

　　Bachelet assured people that food and medical aid were on the way．Ten thousand members of the Chil-ean military have been dispatched to help in the relief and recovery efforts．Many of the country’s major gro-cery stores have started giving away basic food and supplies to people in the affected areas．Secretary-Gener-al of the United Nations spoke to President Bachelet by telephone．He assured her that the United Nations“stands ready to assist the Chilean government’s rescue and recovery efforts ”．

　　The earthquake in Chile comes less than two months after the 7．0 magnitude earthquake that Haiti suf-fered in January．Although the earthquake in Chile was more powerful than the one in Haiti，the damage is unlikely to be as severe．Earthquakes are more common in Chile，and many buildings and homes there are constructed to withstand tremors better．Also，the area of Chile most affected by this earthquake is not asheavily populated as Port-au-Prince, where the epicenter of the Haitian quake was located．Furthermore, Chile is one of South America’s richest, best-organized countries．Its government has more supplies and people available to effectively respond to national emergencies．

　　The energy released by the quake caused shock waves to roll across the Pacific Ocean in the form of tsu-namis(海啸)that have the potential to do great damage to coastal areas．Some of these waves struck the Chilean coast，causing major damage to seaside towns．Coastal communities in Russia，Japan，and the Unit-ed States were concerned，too，but there were no reports of severe damage from the waves that eventually reached the countries’shores．

(1)

Who is leading the earthquake relief efforts in Chile?
[　　]
A．	The Chilean government and military．
B．	Geologists and other scientists．
C．	The United Nations peacekeeping forces．
D．	Secretary-General of the United Nations．

(2)

The damage from Chile’s earthquake is not expected to be as severe as the damage from Haiti’s quake．Which could not be the reason for it?
[　　]
A．	Chile is one of the richest，best-organized countries in South America．
B．	Chile has constructed many buildings for the people．
C．	Chile knows how to respond to a national emergency．
D．	The epicenter area of the Chile earthquake is less heavily populated than that of the Haiti’s quake．

(3)

One result of the earthquake in Chile was ________．
[　　]
A．	severe storms in Russia and Japan
B．	massive waves in the pacific Ocean
C．	a lack of food supplies in coastal communities
D．	a social confusion across the globe

(4)

What’s the best title for this news report?
[　　]
A．	Major Earthquake Hits Chile
B．	The Most Powerful Earthquake in History
C．	Rescue and Recovery Efforts
D．	Face to Face with the Natural Disaster

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