题目内容

Since the beginning of history, man has been attracted by the idea of living forever, of winning the fight against death and disease. So far, this has only remained a dream. Many people have wondered whether it would be possible to find a way to preserve human bodies, and what would be the best way.
It has long been known that meat of fruit can be kept fresh for long periods by freezing; in ancient China, for example, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh. This method could also be useful for preserving humans.
However, most living beings that exist under warm conditions die when frozen. This is because of the harmful effects of freezing ice crystals(晶体), which not only are larger than the volume(体积) of the water originally in the cells, but also form sharp cutting shapes that harm the cells.
In the 1940s Dr B.J. Luyet and a group of scientists in England were working on the problem of freezing cells without damaging them. Since the harm caused by ice crystals was the main cause of damage, Luyet suggested removing some or all of the water from the cells before freezing them.
Using living cells form chicken, Luyet and his assistants discovered that they could partly dry the chicken cells, using a mixture of the white part of an egg and glycerin (丙三醇). Some success was obtained. The chicken cells were dried, frozen for a period of time, and then carefully unfrozen. Almost all the cells recovered when they reached normal temperatures.
Since then, the cooling of whole animals to a temperature far below freezing point for later unfreezing has become more of a possibility, and the glycerin method would probably be used to accomplish this. When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved much closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured.
【小题1】What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.Easy but practical ways to remove water from living cells.
B.The possibility of preserving human bodies by freezing.
C.The practice of preserving food by freezing.
D.The harmful effects of freezing.
【小题2】The idea of freezing human bodies to preserve them ______________.
A.has already been realized
B.was invented in ancient China
C.has its roots in the way of storing food
D.is widely accepted by the scientific world
【小题3】According to the text, freezing _________________.
A.is harmful to living cells
B.is the best way of preserving food
C.reduces the volume of water in living cells
D.is a way of removing water from living cells
【小题4】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.It is impossible to have whole animals frozen.
B.It remains unknown how to unfreeze frozen animals.
C.Freezing incurable patients for later treatment is still an idea.
D.The glycerin method has already been adopted to treat patients.


【小题1】B
【小题2】C
【小题3】A
【小题4】C

解析试题分析:这篇文章讲的是通过冷冻的方法保存人类身体的可能性。因为冷冻对活的细胞是有害的,科学家用glycerin方法解决了这个问题,这个方法可用于冷冻不可治愈的病人供以后治疗。
【小题1】主旨题:从第一段的句子:Many people have wondered whether it would be possible to find a way to preserve human bodies, and what would be the best way. 可知这篇文章讲的是通过冷冻的方法保存人类身体的可能性。选B
【小题2】细节题:从第二段的句子:It has long been known that meat of fruit can be kept fresh for long periods by freezing; in ancient China, for example, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh. This method could also be useful for preserving humans. 可知冷冻保存人类身体的办法是来自于保存食品。选C
【小题3】细节题:从第三段的句子:This is because of the harmful effects of freezing ice crystals(晶体), which not only are larger than the volume(体积) of the water originally in the cells, but also form sharp cutting shapes that harm the cells 可知冷冻对活的细胞是有害的,选A
【小题4】细节题:从最后一段的句子:When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved much closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured. 可知冷冻不可治愈的病人供以后治疗还是一个想法。选C
考点:考查科普类短文
点评:这篇文章讲的是通过冷冻的方法保存人类身体的可能性。这篇阅读理解集中考查了细节理解题,要求考生仔细阅读全文,做好相应的标志,以提高阅读的效率和速度,做题时要审清题干,发觉和把握试题中有效的提示性信息,确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。

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When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “ a ribbon (丝带)around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.

Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City , Kahlo suffered from polio(小儿麻痹症)at the age of seven. Her spine (脊柱)became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but noting was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.

In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Rivera’s strong influences on Kahlo’s style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.

Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s, even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlo’s works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.

1.What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in paragraph 1 most nearly mean?

A.a far better artist                        B.a much more famous person

C.a much stronger person                  D.a far more gifted artist

2.The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by        .

A.back injuries       B.her bent spine      C.polio             D.the operations she had

3.Kahlo’s style had become increasingly independent since the          .

A.1930s            B.1970s            C.1950s            D.1940s

4.What is author’s attitude toward Kahlo?

A.Devotion          B.Encouragement     C.Worry            D.Sympathy(同情)

 

Recently, one of my best friends, whom I've shared just about everything with since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago,we've both always looked forward to the few times a year when we can see each other.

Over the weekend, we spent hours and hours, staying up late into the night, talking about the people she was hanging around with. She started telling me stories about her new boyfriend, about how he experimented with drugs and was into other self­destructive(自我毁灭的) behavior. I was blown away! She told me how she had been lying to her parents about where she was going and even stealing out to see this guy because they didn't want her around him. No matter how hard I tried to tell her that she deserved better, she didn't believe me. Her self­respect seemed to have disappeared.

I tried to convince her that she was ruining her future and heading for big trouble. I felt like I was getting nowhere. I just couldn't believe that she really  thought it was acceptable to hang out with a group of losers, especially her boyfriend.

By the time she left,I was really worried about her and exhausted by the experience. It had been so frustrating,I had come close to telling her several times during the weekend that maybe we had just grown too far apart to continue our friendship, but I didn't. I put the power of friendship to the final test. We'd been friends for far too long. I had to hope that she valued me enough to know that I was trying to save her from hurting herself. I wanted to believe that our friendship could conquer anything.

A few days later, she called to say that she had thought long and hard about our conversation, and then she told me that she had broken up with her boyfriend. I just listened on the other end of the phone with tears of joy running down my face. It was one of the truly rewarding moments in my life. Never had I been so proud of a friend.

1.In the writer's opinion,her friend ________.

A.was a girl with no self­respect

B.could find a better boyfriend

C.was brave enough to stick to her own choice

D.didn't value the writer's suggestion

2.What did the writer worry about?

A.She would lose the friendship with her.

B.Her friend's parents would be worried about their daughter.

C.Her friend would get into great trouble with the boy.

D.Her friend's boyfriend would be in great trouble.

3.We may learn from Paragraph 3 that the writer________.

A.didn't want to go anywhere else

B.understood her friend's hanging with her boyfriend

C.couldn't believe that her friend's choice was acceptable

D.doubted that she could in any way help her friend

4.What can be concluded from the passage?

A.Friendship starting from childhood is not reliable.

B.Friendship is a cure for any injury in life.

C.Friendship should be everlasting once begun.

D.Friendship can have magical power in life.

 

Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3,000 US adolescents (少年) will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults.During their lifetime, it can be __1__ that of these 3,000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic __2__, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking­related disease.The number of deaths __3__ by cigarette smoking outweigh all other factors, whether __4__ or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors __5__ 30%, smoking rates among __6__ have declined.While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be __7__.First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have __8__ very little.Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among __9__ high school seniors exceeded(超过) that among female by nearly 10%.The statistic is reversing.Third, several recent studies have __10__ that high school dropouts(辍学者)have excessively __11__ smoking rate, as much as 75%.Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have __12__ in the past decade, no definite __13__ for the decline to exist.Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current __14__ to take the most effective measures to __15__ smoking level among youth.

1.                A.inferred        B.believed        C.expected D.hoped

 

2.                A.peaks          B.accidents       C.problems D.jams

 

3.                A.damaged        B.caused         C.led D.made

 

4.                A.happy          B.healthy         C.voluntary D.crazy

 

5.                A.had            B.totaled         C.got  D.reached

 

6.                A.youth          B.students        C.girls D.boys

 

7.                A.raised          B.lifted           C.asked    D.questioned

 

8.                A.grown          B.changed        C.risen D.declined

 

9.                A.old            B.male           C.young    D.female

 

10.               A.insisted         B.indicated       C.denied    D.wondered

 

11.               A.large          B.small           C.high  D.low

 

12.               A.sunk           B.set            C.produced  D.occurred

 

13.               A.reasons        B.causes         C.ways  D.results

 

14.               A.survey         B.study          C.figure D.effort

 

15.               A.stop           B.reduce         C.forbid D.limit

 

 

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