阅读理解 Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls. However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist poi 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

阅读理解

Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the difference between boys and girls.

However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist points out, “ There are slight genetic（遗传的） differences between the sexes at birth which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose. But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other effects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are worse at science and math, or whether they’ve been brought up to think of these subjects as boys territory.”

Statistics（统计数据）show that in mathematics, at least, girls are equal to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes. One of the reports’ authors says, “While it is socially unacceptable for people not to be able to read and write, it is still acceptable for women to say that they are ‘hopeless’ at math. Our research shows that, although girls get marks which are as good as the boys, they have not been encouraged to do so.”

The explanation for the difference, which is very clear during the teenage years, goes as far back as early childhood experiences. From their first days in nursery school, girls are not encouraged to work on their own or to complete tasks, although boys are. For example, boys not girls, are often asked to ‘help’ with repair work. This encouragement leads to a way of learning how to solve problems later on in life. Evidence（证据）shows that exceptional（例外的） mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves.

A further report on math teaching shows that teachers seem to give more attention to boys than to girls.

Most teachers who took part in the study admitted that they expect their male students to do better at mathematics and science subjects than their female students. All of this tends to encourage boys to work harder in these subjects, gives them confidence（信心） and makes them believe that they can succeed.

Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard such ‘male’ subjects like mathematics and science as difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons.

Mathematics and science are mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Girls do not seem to want to be in open competition with boys. Neither do they want to do better than boys because they are afraid to appear less femaleお and so, less attractive.

1.The underlined word “territory” in the second paragraph most probably means “_____________”.

A. interest　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.area of land

C.special field　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.district

2.According to scientific studies_____________ .

A. math is not fit for girls to learn

B.boys have a special sense of math

C.girls are poorer at math because they are the weaker sex

D.girls can learn math as well as boys if given enough encouragement

3.Those who made extraordinary contribution toお mathematics and science _____________.

A. usually had good teachers to help them

B.had the abilities to solve problems by themselves

C.usually worked harder than others

D.were encouraged to repair things when young

4.Which of the following is not true according to the text?

A.It seems socially acceptable for a girl not to be able to read and write.

B.It is a social problem rather than a problem of brains that girls are poor at math.

C.Mathematics and science are not easy subjects to either girls or boys.

D.There is no connection between a girl’s ability in math and her appearance.

5.What would be the best title for the text?

A. Who’s Afraid of Math Anyway?

B. Are Boys Cleverer than Girls?

C. Boys Are Better at Math than Girls by Birth

D. Math—A Difficult Subject

答案：C;D;B;A;A
解析：

1、该题为词义猜测题。根据句意可以知道，该词意思是“领土，地域”。

2、根据第三段中“Statistics（统计数据）show that in mathematics, at least, girls are equal to boys. A recent report suggests that girls only stop studying mathematics because of social attitudes.”两句的意思可以判断出答案。

3、该题为细节判断题，根据文章中的“Evidence （证据）shows that exceptional（例外的） mathematicians and scientists did not have teachers who supplied answers; they had to find out for themselves.”可以判断出答案。

4、该题为细节判断题。根据文章第三段的内容可以判断出答案。

5、该题为主旨大意题。本文的陈述澄清了人们的一个错误认识，即女孩子怕学数学，他们在这方面要逊色于男孩。所以A选项切中文意。

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相关题目

第二部分阅读理解（共25小题；第一节每小题 2 分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）

第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Diane Arbus is known for creating intense black and white photographs of very unusual people. She used a special camera that produced square shaped images. One art expert said Diane Arbus turned photography inside out. Instead of looking at her subjects, she made them look at her.

Diane Arbus was born in 1923 to a wealthy family in New York City. After finishing high school at the age of 18, Diane married Allan Arbus. Mr. Arbus worked in the advertising department of her father’s store.

It was Mr. Arbus who gave Diane her first camera. Diane soon decided to take a class with the famous photographer Berenice Abbott. The Arbuses eventually started taking photographs of clothing. These images were used as advertisements for Diane’s father’s store. After the birth of their daughter, Doon, the Arbuses started a business together. Their purpose was to photograph clothing fashions. Diane Arbus was the stylist. She would prepare the hair and faces of the fashion models who wore the clothing being photographed. Allan Arbus took the pictures.

The couple soon had jobs from important fashion magazines such as “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar”. Their work was very successful during the 1950s. They became part of a group of artists that were helping to redefine visual culture. They were breaking with past traditions to create a new look for a new decade, the sixties.

But Diane was not satisfied with her secondary role. She wanted a more active part in making photographs. She wanted to explore her own artistic expression and freedom. To do this, she stopped working with her husband. Then she started taking photography classes at the New School in New York City.

Arbus’ teacher, Lisette Model, influenced her in many ways. She showed Diane how to use a camera like an expert. She also taught Diane to use her art to face her doubts and fears. Miss Model once said that Diane soon started “not listening to me but suddenly listening to herself.”

41. Diane Arbus got her first camera ______.

A. from her father B. from her husband

C. in a shop D. in the advertising department

42. Why did the Arbuses start a business together?

A. To film clothing fashions. B. To make their daughter happy.

C. To prove themselves. D. To make friends with more people.

43. The Arbuses ______ in the 1950s according to the passage.

A. were in charge of “Vogue” B. earned more than other artists

C. were recognized as great artists D. were proud of their achievements

44. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that ______.

A. Diane was hard to dealt with

B. Diane care more for freedom

C. Diane was tired of working with husband

D. Diane learned more from Lisette Model

IV.阅读理解（共17小题；每小题２分，满分34分）

Like cats, geckos（壁虎）always land on their feet. If they happen to fall from a wall or leaf they’ve been climbing, a quick move of the tail makes sure that they always land on their feet first, a new study finds.

Geckos are truly built for climbing: their feet have hairy toes that can fix themselves to a wall or other vertical（竖直的）surfaces. However, geckos’ feet can’t always keep hold and they may fall to the ground. When geckos fall or jump off a wall, they always land stomach-side down. Geckos’ long tails become necessary during their falls, the new study shows.

Researchers did an experiment. They placed geckos up-side-down on the underside of a leaf. When they lost their foothold and fell, the geckos pitched （倾斜）their tails for balance. They then rotated（旋转）their tails to make their bodies rotate. As soon as they were right-side up, they stopped rotating. On average, it only took the geckos about a tenth of a second to right themselves so that they would land on their feet.

Cats use a different way to land on their feet after a fall. As their tails don’t have the power like geckos’ tails, cats can’t use them to right themselves. Instead they twist their bodies around mid-air.

Engineers are trying to build a robot that imitates the geckos’ climbing ability. A tail will be fixed to the robot to allow it to keep balance.

54. What do we know about geckos?

A. Their toes make it possible for them to walk on walls.

B. Their tails can fix them to a wall or other vertical surfaces.

C. They often land on their backs when they jump off walls.

D. It takes them a second to right themselves in mid-air.

55. How do cats avoid their injury during a fall?

A. By twisting their bodies. B. By fixing their toes to the ground.

C. By using their tails to right themselves. D. By landing upside-down.

56. Geckos’ special abilities have given engineers some new ideas to _________.

A. allow robots to climb vertical surfaces

B. reproduce geckos like robots

C. invent robots that can rotate on the ground

D. invent robots that can balance themselves using their tails

57. What is the text mainly talking about?

A. The interesting living habits of geckos. B. The differences between cats and geckos.

C. Why geckos always land on their feet. D. How geckos climb up vertical walls.

第三部分阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并填在答卷卡上。

A guitarist was pleasantly surprised to hear from New York City police that his valuable guitar had been found. It disappeared almost a year ago when he got out of a taxi and forgot to take the guitar with him. Laurence Lennon, 44, said he was running late that day. He was talking to his manager on his cellphone when he rushed out of the taxi. He said that he gave the driver $60 and told him to keep the change. He walked through the front doors of the concert hall, still talking on the phone to his manager.

Upon discovering his loss, Lennon used his cellphone to call the police. The policewoman asked him for the name of the taxi company, the number of the taxi, and the name of the driver. He said that she must have been joking.

She told Lennon that he could apply for a missing item report online. Lennon asked for address. It was www.nypd.gov/toprotectandtoserve/haveaniceday. She told him that finding the guitar might take a couple of years for finding guitars was not as important as finding murderers and marijuana （大麻）smokers. Then she told him to have a nice day.

“This year has been depressing,” said Lennon. “I had to put off the recording of two new CDs. I’ve been using borrowed guitars. And I was losing hope of ever recovering my guitar.”

Lennon was reunited with his $100,000 guitar yesterday. The guitar had been discovered in the corner of a coffeehouse only two blocks from where Lennon had lost it. Lennon had offered a $10,000 reward for its return. He said he would give the reward to the coffeehouse owner, who had informed the police.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Careless guitarist surprised. B. Valuable guitar found.

C. Coffeehouse owner rewarded. D. Taxi driver still unknown.

2. In the first paragraph, the author explained ________.

A. how costly the guitar was B. how important the concert was

C. why the guitarist was late D. why the guitar was left behind

3. By saying “she must have been joking” in Para 2, the guitarist probably means ________.

A. it was impossible for him to answer her questions

B. there must have been something she felt funny

C. she didn’t believe at all that he had lost his guitar

D. she must have felt that his behavior was funny

4. In the policewoman’s opinion, finding the lost guitar _________.

A. was not important at all B. wouldn’t be done online

C. could be a long time hunting D. only depended on the driver

Ⅳ.阅读理解（30分）

Everyone knows that the French are romantic, the Italians are fashionable and the Germans are serious. Are these just stereotypes(陈规) or is there really such a thing as national character? And if there is, can it affect how a nation succeeds or fails?

At least one group of people is certain that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs(实业家) in the UK found that 70 percent felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public. Britain is hostile to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy(嫉妒). As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood”. Jealousy is sometimes known as the “green-eyed monster(怪物)” and the UK is its home. Scientists at Warwich University in the UK recently tested this idea. They gathered a group of people and gave each an imaginary amount of money. Some were given a little, others a great deal. Those given a little money were given the chance to destroy the large amounts of money given to others—but at the cost of losing their own. Two thirds of the people tested agreed to do this.

This seems to prove the entrepreneurs were right to complain. But there is also conflicting evidence. The Organization for Econnomic Cooperation and Development(OECD) recently reported that the UK was now the world’s fourth largest economy. That is not bad for people who are supposed to hate success. People in the UK also work longer hours than anyone else in Europe. So the British people are not lazy, either.

“It’s not really success that the British dislike,” says Carey Cooper, a Professor of management at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. “It’s people using their success in a way that seems arrogant(傲慢) or unfair or which separates them from their roots.”

Perhaps it is the entrepreneurs who are the problem. They set out to do things in their way. They work long hours. By their own efforts they become millionaires. But instead of being happy they complain that nobody loves them. If they were more friendly, people would like them more. And more people want to be like them.

56. What does the underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to?

A. One group of people. B. A great survey.

C. National character. D. A nation.

57. Most of the British top entrepreneurs surveyed believe that ________.

A. they are not popular simply because they are successful

B. the British public are hardworking

C. love of success is Britain’s national character

D. they are considered as “green-eyed monsters”

58. What does the result of the Warwich University test show?

A. Two thirds of the people tested didn’t love money.

B. Most people would rather fail than see others succeed.

C. An imaginary amount of money does not attract people.

D. Most people are willing to enjoy success with others.

59. The writer of the passage seems to suggest that _______.

A. jealousy is Britain’s national character

B. British entrepreneurs are not fairly treated

C. the scientists at Warwich University did a successful test

D. the British dislike the entrepreneurs because they do not behave properly

阅读理解。
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the
passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.

     A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) refers to an economy which has a minimal emission of greenhouse gas
(GHG), namely, carbon dioxide into the biosphere (生物圈). Recently, most of the scienti sts and the public
hold the opinion that the climate is changing because there is such an accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere
due to human activities. The over-concentration of these gases is producing global warming that affects
long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future. LCE, therefore, is proposed
as a means to avoid catastrophic climate change.
     All nations which are considered carbon intensive societies and societies which are heavily populated
should become zero-carbon societies and economies. Several of these countries have promised to become
'low carbon' but not entirely zero carbon, and claim that emissions will be cut by 100% by balancing emissions
rather than ceasing all emissions.
     Nuclear power and the strategies of carbon capture and storage (CCS) have been proposed as the primary
means to achieve a LCE while continuing to exploit non-renewable resources. Scientists are afraid, however,
whether the spent-nuclear-fuel can be stored, and whether it is secure. Also they are not certain about the
costs and time needed to successfully implement CCS worldwide and whether the stored emissions will leak
into the biosphere or not. Alternatively, many have proposed renewable energy should be the main basis of a
LCE, but, they have their associated problems of high-cost and inefficiency; this is changing, however, since
investment and production have been growing significantly in recent times. Furthermore, it has been proposed
that to make the transition to an LCE economically attractive we would have to attach a cost (per unit output)
to GHGs through means such as emissions trading and/or a carbon tax .
     A LCE is aimed to integrate all aspects of itself from its manufacturing, agriculture, transportation to
power-generation around technologies that produce energy and materials with little GHG emission and thus
around populations, buildings, machines and devices which use those energies and materials efficiently and
dispose of or recycle its wastes so as to have a minimal output of GHGs.

Title:   1
I.   2 : an economy with a minimal output of GHG
II.   3 of the present economy:
     ● global warming
     ● long-term climate change
     ●   4 on humanity
III.   5 :
     ● to produce energy and materials with little GHG emission
     ● to use those energies and materials efficiently
     ● to have   6 of GHGs
IV.   7 to achieve a LCE:
      ● nuclear power
      ● the strategies of carbon capture and storage
     ● renewable energy
     ●   8
     ● a carbon tax
V.   9 :
     ● spent-nuclear-fuel storage / storage of spent-nuclear-fuel
     ●   10
     ● uncertainty about the costs and time needed

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