题目内容

Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools．But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake．Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective．The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.

　 The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words．It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading．Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.

　 However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading．In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted（控诉）the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method．He said – and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed – that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics, is far superior.

　 Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words．Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned．Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

1．The author indicts the look-say reading approach because _________________.

　 A．it overlooks decoding　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　

　 B．Rudolf Flesch agrees with him

C．he says it is boring　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　 D．many schools continue to use this method　

2．One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method　 is _______________.

A．look-say is simpler　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

B．Phonics takes longer to learn

C．look-say is easier to teach　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

D．phonics gives readers access to far more words　

3．The phrase “touch-off” (Para 3, Line 1) most probably means _____________.

A．talk about shortly　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．start or cause

　 C．compare with　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．oppose

4．According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

　 A．Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.

　 B．The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.

C．In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.

D．Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most　 common words can be learned.

ADBC

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完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him    36    he thought he was able to be so much more    37    than the average person.

He    38    that it all came from a(n)   39    with his mother that occurred when he was about 2. He had been trying to remove milk from the fridge when he    40    the slippery(光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor.

When his mother came in,    41    shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, "Robert, what a great and wonderful    42    you have made! I have    43    seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been    44   . Would you like to get down and    45    in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?"

Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to    46    everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵), a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge.

His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a    47    experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two    48    hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can make it." The little boy learned that if he    49    the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful    50   !

This scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be    51   to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just    52    for learning something new, which is,    53   , what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment "doesn't   54   ," we usually learn something    55    from it.

36. A. why                          B. what                     C. when                     D. how

37. A. capable                      B. able                        C. creative                  D. original

38. A. responded                 B. reacted                   C. recalled                  D. reminded

39. A. coincidence              B. experience             C. incident                        D. conflict

40. A. fell                                  B. lost                          C. escaped                    D. dropped

41. A. rather than                 B. instead of                C. other than                 D. in place of

42. A. picture                       B. mass                       C. map                        D. mess

43. A. rarely                        B. happily                   C. frequently                D. angrily

44. A. obtained                    B. suffered                  C. done                       D. received

45. A. jump                         B. play                        C. enjoy                       D. draw

46. A. recover                      B. return                    C. restore                         D. regain

47. A. failed                              B. successful               C. fantastic                D. painful

48. A. strong                        B. tiny                        C. thin                        D. weak

49. A. controlled                 B. possessed               C. seized                      D. grasped

50. A. example                     B. teaching                   C. lesson                      D. instruction

51. A. anxious                    B. nervous                   C. fearful                     D. afraid

52. A. situations                   B. opportunities            C. occasions                 D. turns

53. A. after all                            B. above all                 C. first of all                 D. in all

54. A. do                             B. finish                     C. go                         D. work

55. A. worthy                      B. costly                      C. valuable                   D. interesting

阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Robby was 11 when his mother dropped him off for his first piano lesson. I prefer students to begin at an earlier age. Robby said that it had always been his mother’s dream to hear him play the piano, so I took him on as a student.

Robby tried and tried while I listened and encouraged him and gave him more instructions. But he just did not have any inborn ability.

I only saw his mother from a distance. She always waved and smiled but never came in.  Then one day Robby stopped coming to our lessons. I thought about calling him but I guessed he had decided to try something else.

I was also glad that he stopped coming for the sake of my career. However, several weeks before the recital (演奏会) of my students, Robby came，telling me that he never stopped practicing and begged me to allow him to take part in it. I agreed, but I made him perform last in the program, so I could save his poor performance through my “curtain closer”.

I was surprised when he announced that he had chosen one piece of Mozart’s. Never had I heard a piece of Mozart’s played so well by someone at his age. When he finished, everyone was cheering.

I ran up and put my arms around Robby in joy. “I’ve never heard you play like that, Robby! How could you do it?”

“Well, Miss Hondorf. Do you remember I told you my mom was sick? Actually she died this morning. She was born deaf, so tonight was the first time she could hear me play. I wanted to make it special. I knew I could.”

That night, Robby was the teacher and I was the student. He taught me so many important things about life.

Why might Robby have stopped coming to piano lessons suddenly?

A. He lost heart and believed that he would never make it.

B. His mother might have been seriously ill.

C. He thought that his teacher disliked him.

D. His mother died and he didn’t need to play any longer.

We can know from the passage that __________.

A. the writer thought students shouldn’t begin playing the piano too early

B. the writer thought that Robby had given up his piano lessons

C. only by practicing at home did Robby learn to play well

D. no one else could play the piece of Mozart’s as well as Robby

From the underlined sentence, we can infer that _________.

A. the writer looked down upon Robby and disliked him

B. the writer thought Robby was a bad advertisement for her teaching

C. with Robby in the recital, the other children couldn’t play well

D. the writer couldn’t teach so many students at a time

The writer made Robby perform last because _________.

A. the one who performs last always performs very well

B. Robby asked the writer to do so

C. she wanted to do something to save a poor performance

D. Robby thought his mother would come at last

When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.

For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges, she’s been named national teacher of  the year.

Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his 22 years as an educator, but Peterson is “just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.”

Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music.

When students were reading S.E. Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a 30-minute play with scenes from the book. Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race, equality and social justice, the themes of the book. Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book.

The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils. It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors.

As national teacher of the year, Peterson will spend the more year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education.

Not surpassingly. She is a big believe in the white of acts education. She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as act or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day.

65．The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 1 most probably means __________.

A．discouraging   B．interesting   C．creative    D．unbearable

66．When Peterson began her teaching career, ____________.

A．music was a focus of learning in most schools

B．theenvironment was favorable to music teaching

C．the school backed teaching facilities for music

D．immemorial support for music programs was unavailable

67．What is the most important reason that Peterson won the award?

A．She concerned herself with current social problems.

B．She motivated students to learn music with her creativity.

C．She has aught music at the elementary school for 22 years.

D．She make great efforts to amuse students’ interest in literature.

68．Which of the following is an example of Peterson’s way of teaching music?

A．She wrote plays on themes of race, equality and social justice.

B．She made use of the contents of other classes in her teaching.

C．She organized classroom discussions of Broadway tunes.

D．She helped students compose songs by themselves.

69．In Peterson’s opinion, ____________.

A．art music and PE classes are all important

B．more subjects should be offered to students

C．students should be nativated to attend art classes

D．arts education is more important than other subjects

70．It can be inferred from the text that ________.

A．Peterson’s honor was a surprise for the local people

B．Peterson’s art classes attracted students back to school

C．Peterson aroused the local residents’ passion for music

D．Peterson will change her profession next year

 

 

 

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
【小题1】What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
【小题2】Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.
A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer
B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper
C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences
D．discussed the importance of writing speed
【小题3】Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?
A．Spelling improves one’s memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
【小题4】What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Window.B．SoulC．PictureD．Imagination.
【小题5】What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

Bardithch High School decided to have an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for over fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.

    Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans (嘟囔声) when Ms. Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.

    Then Ms. Yates started to speak:

“I can’t tell you how pleased I’m to be here. I haven’t seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven’t appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination. ”

Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:

“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.”

“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”

There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar (呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.

1.What activity was organized for the school reunion?

A. Sightseeing in the park

B. A picnic on the school playground             

C. Telling stories about past events    

D. Graduates’ reports in the old building

2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates’ speech

B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates’ ways of teaching

  C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities        

D. Most people had little interest in the reunion

3.We can learn from Ms. Yates’ speech that she _________.

A. kept track of her students’ progress

B. gave her students advice on their careers

C. attended her students’ college graduations

D. went to her students’ wedding ceremonies

4.Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?

  A. Reliable and devoted

B. Tough and generous

C. Proud but patient

D. Strict but caring

 

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