Body language is a very powerful tool of communication, not only between people but in the animal world as well．
In many instances, we produce idioms(习惯用语、成语)which are all understandable by borrowing examples from animal communication．For example, we know that a frightened cat will arch(拱起)its back high in rigid curve(拱形)．From this starting-point we might hear the expression, “He gets my back up!”meaning “He makes me angry．”
In the same manner, we know that many animals, if challenged by attackers, will not turn and run away, because this will encourage the attacker to attack them more forcefully．Instead, they will move backwards slowly to get out of harm’s way, always still facing their attacker．We call this action “backing off” and it can be used just as well with humans as with animals．
In the case of humans, however, the back-off may not be physical but oral, as in using a kinder tone of voice and gentler words instead of fighting against the attackers．
(1)
When a cat arches its back high in a rigid curve, it shows that it is ________．
[ ]
A．
happy
B．
pleased
C．
frightened
D．
sad
(2)
In order not to be attacked by its enemy, the animal will ________．
[ ]
A．
move backwards slowly
B．
turn and run away
C．
face the attacker
D．
Both A and C
(3)
In the case of humans, “back off” means ________．
[ ]
A．
to escape from the attackers
B．
to get away quickly
C．
to keep out the attackers
D．
to avoid the attackers in words
(4)
What is mentioned in this article belongs to a study of English ________．
B Glynis Davis：I first piled on the pounds when I was in the family way and I couldn’t lose them afterwards．Then I joined a slimming club．My target was 140 pounds and I lost 30 pounds in six months．I felt great and people kept saying how good I looked．But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits．I told myself I’d lose the weight at slimming classes in the new year but it didn’t happen．Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on．I’d lost willpower and tried to believe that the odd bag of crisps didn’t make any difference---but the scales don’t lie．
Roz Juma：To be honest, I never weigh myself any more I’ve learnt to be happy with myself．It seemed to me that I would feel sorry about every spoonful of tasty food that passed my lips．My idea is simple．You shouldn’t be too much thinking about food and dieting．Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming of a supper-thin body．This is obviously the size I’m meant to be and, most of all, I’m happy with it．
Lesley Codwin：I was very happy about winning Young Slimmer of the Year．I’d look in the mirror unable to believe this slim lady was me!That might have been my problem---perhaps from then on I didn’t pay any attention to myself．Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though, because you feel the eyes of the world are fixed upon you．I feel a complete failure because I’ve put on weight again．
Ros Langfod：Before moving in with my husband Gavin, I’d always been about 110 pounds, but the pleasant housework went straight to my waist and I put on 15 pounds in a year．Every so often I try to go on a diet … I’m really good in a few days, then end up having the children’s leftovers or eating happily chocolate---my weakness．I’d like to be slim, but right now my duty is the children and home．I might take more exercise when my kids are older．
(1)
What do you think the four women were all talking about?
[ ]
A．
Their own slimming matter．
B．
Their life after marriage．
C．
Their work as a housewife．
D．
Different diets they prefer．
(2)
Where are these short passages most likely to be taken from?
[ ]
A．
Talks on the air．
B．
Advertisements on the wall．
C．
Book in a library．
D．
Magazines for children．
(3)
What does the underlined word“scales”possibly mean?
[ ]
A．
The coach(教练)in the slimming club
B．
Some tool to measure weight
C．
Glynis Davis’ dear husband
D．
The salesperson in a food shop
阅读理解：
By LOS ANGELES TIMES
Publishedon 2002－02－10
Postedon 2002－01－18 10∶59∶14
Nervousuncertainty surrounds the fate(命运)of US journalist Daniel Pearl, with no clear communication from his kidnappers(绑匪)and no sign of his whereabouts after three separate police searches for his body in the troublesome port city Karachi, Pakistan．
Pearl, a 38-year-old Wall Street Journal reporter, disappeared two weeks ago on his way to an interview in Karachi．An e-mail allegedly from his kidnappers contained four photos of him and a variety of demands, including one for there lease of Pakistani prisoners being held at the US naval base in Cuba．
The searches were started last Friday night by an email claiming that Pearl had been killed and his body thrown“in the graveyards of Karachi．
Pearl has worked for The Wall Street Journal for 12 years and is now their South Asiabureau chief．He was born in Princeton, New Jersey and graduated from Stanford University with a bachelor’s degree in communications．
He joined The Wall Street Journal in November 1990, first as a reporter in the Atlanta bureau．In 1993 he moved to the Washington office to cover transportation before beginning a series of overseas postings．
The members of a radical(激进的)Islamic group in Pakistan who admit having kidnapped him say Pearl is a member of the Israeli intelligence service, Mossad．But Pearls employers have angrily denied(否认)that he is the agent(代理)of any government．
Pearl’s French wife, Marianne, is six months pregnant with their first child．
For the past few weeks the couple have been living in Karachi while Pearl tried to arrange an interview with Mubarak Ali Shah Gilani, head of the small militant Islamic group Tanzeemul-Fuqra．
(1)
We can see from the text that ________．
[ ]
A．
Pearl has been murdered
B．
Pearl has escaped from his kidnappers
C．
Pearl is in danger
D．
Pearl’s fate still remains in question
(2)
Accordingto the text, Pearl most probably disappeared ________．
[ ]
A．
on January 24, 2002
B．
on January 26, 2002
C．
on January 4, 2002
D．
on January 11, 2002
(3)
Pearl’s disappearance has something to do with ________．
[ ]
A．
Tanzeemul-Fuqra
B．
a radical Islamic group in Pakistan
C．
the US naval base in Cuba
D．
the Israeli intelligence service
阅读理解：
Not all memories are sweet．Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences．Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars．Often they relive these experiences in nightmares．
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories．The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience．They hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories．
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France．The drug stops the body releasing(释放)chemicals that fix memories in the brain．So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out．They are not sure to what degree people's memories are affected．
The research has caused a great deal of argument．Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it．Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war．They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories．
“Some memories can ruin people's lives．They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare．They usually come with very painful emotions,”said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School．“This could relieve a lot of that suffering．”
But those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change people's memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity(特质)．They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past．
“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are．I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out,”said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist．
(1)
The passage is mainly about ________．
[ ]
A．
a new medical invention
B．
a new research on the pill
C．
a way of wiping out painful memories
D．
an argument about the research on the pill
(2)
The drug tested on people can ________．
[ ]
A．
cause the brain to fix memories
B．
stop people remembering bad experiences
C．
prevent body producing certain chemicals
D．
wipe out the emotional effects of memories
(3)
We can infer from the passage that ________．
[ ]
A．
people doubt the effects of the pills
B．
the pill will certainly stop people's emotional memories
C．
taking the pill will do harm to people's physical health
D．
the pill has already been produced and used by the public in America
(4)
Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with in the last paragraph?
[ ]
A．
some memories can ruin people's lives．
B．
people want to get rid of bad memories．
C．
experiencing bad events makes us different from others．
D．
the pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories．
(5)
You may probably read the passage in a ________．
[ ]
A．
guidebook
B．
medical magazine
C．
textbook
D．
science fiction
阅读理解：
I met the old man at a cafe．“Did you hear the radio news yesterday?” he asked me．“No,” I replied．“Anything exciting?” “Exciting? NO! Something very sad．A group of hungry dogs killed and ate my best friend．”
“Oh, dear!” I cried．“How did it happen?” “He was working on the hillside when the dogs attacked him．When he didn't return, I went to the hillside and found…” “His body?” I asked．The old fellow drank half of his coffee．“No．I told you they were hungry dogs, didn't I? The big bones were lying every where．But they found this．” He pushed open a match box he was holding in his hand．In it was a man's thumb, lying on some white bloody material．
“This is my friend's right thumb．The dogs ate the rest of him”．The old man began to cry．He finished his coffee quickly and left the cafe．I drank mine and called the waiter．“I'll pay the gentleman's bill．His poor friend－how terrible!” “You've heard the news?” The waiter laughed．“Sure．There's a hole in the bottom of the match box．He put his own thumb through the hole．The blood is red ink, I believe．Is the story worth a cup of coffee, sir?” “But he held the box in his right hand．” “Yes, but listeners look into the box．They just can't take their sight off that terrible thing．” “And when he tells the story, he gets free cup of coffee!” I said, laughing．“Yes, sir, but only from strangers who come to this town, and, of course, he does us no harm!”
(1)
We can learn from this passage ________．
[ ]
A．
the writer came to the cafe for the first time
B．
the old man made a living by telling jokes in the cafe
C．
the writer had known about the old man before
D．
what had happened to his best friend made the old man mad
(2)
Having heard the old man's story, the writer ________．
[ ]
A．
couldn't help laughing immediately
B．
showed great mercy upon him
C．
didn't believe him at all
D．
bought the old man another cup of coffee
(3)
It turned out that the thumb in the match box was actually ________．
[ ]
A．
the right thumb of his best friend
B．
the thumb he stole from the dead body of an unknown person
C．
something made of bloody white materials
D．
his own right thumb
(4)
The waiter hadn't let out the truth of the old man's story earlier because ________．
[ ]
A．
he was nobody but the best friend of the old man
B．
the old man wouldn't pay for his coffee if he did
C．
the waiter hadn't seen through the old man's trick
D．
the old man helped the cafe in some way
(5)
As suggested by the passage, what might happen in the end?
[ ]
A．
The writer refused to pay the old man's bill．
B．
The writer decided to make the trick known to the public．
C．
More strangers would hear the old man's story．
D．
The old man wouldn't visit the cafe any more．
阅读理解：
Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know if you think you are a brave person or a coward(胆小鬼)．But you will never really know the answer to that question until you are tested in real life．Some people think they are brave, but when they come face to face with real danger, they act like cowards．Other people think of themselves as cowardly, but when they meet danger, they act like heroes．
Lenny Sputnik had always thought of himself as a nervous person．He got worried before examinations．He worried about his job and his health．All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy．Then, on 15th January 1982, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington．Lenny went to the river to see what was happening．Then he saw a woman in the ice-cold water．Suddenly Lenny did not feel afraid．He kept very calm and did a very courageous thing．He jumped into the Potomac, swam to the woman, and kept her head above the water．Seventy-eight people died that day．Thanks to Lenny Sputnik, it was not seventy-nine．
When you are in a very dangerous situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood．This chemical is called adrenalin．With adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and are ready to fight or run away．However, when you are completely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin．When this happens, the muscles become very hard and you find that you cannot move at all．You are then disabled with fear．That is why, when we are very frightened, we sometimes say that we are ‘petrified’．This word comes from the Greek word ‘peters’ which means ‘stone’．We are so frightened we have become like stone．
(1)
According to the writer's opinion, a brave person can be judged by ________
[ ]
A．
his words
B．
his thought
C．
his action
D．
his looks
(2)
From what Lenny did, we can conclude that ________
[ ]
A．
Lenny had a good chance
B．
Lenny was brave
C．
Lenny liked swimming
D．
Lenny wanted to be a hero
(3)
In great danger, a hero always keeps ________．
[ ]
A．
nervous
B．
worried
C．
calm
D．
disappointed
(4)
Adrenalin in our body is ________．
[ ]
A．
harmful
B．
useless
C．
changeable
D．
dangerous
(5)
If a person's body produces too much adrenaline, he will ________．
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