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Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine 1 smoking is a health threat. The 2 of the 3 has been consistent (一致的) and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show 4 all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking is 5 with a 6 life expectancy (time).
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this 7 to be an important 8 in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related 9 cancer of other organs. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death 10 from heart disease than non-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be 11 affected because they do not breathe in the smoke 12 deeply.) The 13 of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved 14 their satisfaction and say, “Give 15 smoking. If you don't smoke don't start! ”
Smoking does 16 to the lungs. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. Smokers also die much more often 17 heart disease.
While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. 18 , nicotine consumption is not decreased by the latter forms, and current research indicates a 19 relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some 20 safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the threats.
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