Our risk of cancer rises rapidly as we age.So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened(拍片检查) for new tumors (肿瘤) or doesn’t it?

While such tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly.With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.

In many cases, screening can lead to additional examinations and operations to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow growing and may not cause serious health problems in patients’ remaining years.But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained (根深蒂固的) that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a noisy reaction among doctors, patients and social groups.

It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data.Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment.And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or previous personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly.But for the rest, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy.

A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening—especially considering the explosion of the elderly.

It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for patients.Dr.Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves from medical disputes(争端).We need to think about the wise use of health care, which means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.”

1.Routine cancer screening for the elderly people makes sense because ______.

A.it is believed to contribute to a long life

B.it is part of their health care package

C.they are more sensitive about the health

D.they are in greater danger of tumor growth

2.How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?

A.It adds too much to their medical bills.

B.They are doubtful about its necessity.

C.It helps increase their life expectancy.

D.They think it does more harm than good.

3.What is the traditional view about women screening for breast cancer?

A.It is a must for adult women.

B.It applies to women over 50.

C.It is intended for young women.

D.It doesn’t apply to women over 74.

4.What does the writer say is the general view about health care?

A.Better care, longer life.

B.Prevention is better than cure.

C.Better early than late.

D.The more, the better.

Speaking from my past experience, it is very difficult to find good friends that you can trust but once you have found them, they are worth keeping forever! Therefore, I think friendship is the most important relationship that anybody could have.

The qualities I look for in a friend are a good sense of humor but sensitivity when it matters. Also that friend would have to be strong-minded and highly spirited. I think that these qualities are the key qualities to look for in a good friend.

Even the strongest friends can still have arguments, although usually about more serious topics, rather than the usual teenage childish arguments. Some matters can seriously affect a friendship. If one of your friends started experimenting with harmful and dangerous drugs, what would you do ? A good friend would try to help as much as possible, whereas a bad example of a friend would simply shrug(耸肩) and turn a blind eye.

Not only the bad things affect friendship ---- good activities do too. Such as bonding with one another, not just by going out on a night with them but by spending quality time with them and talking to each other, which indicates a good ability to communicate. This is a key aspect of a good friendship.

Good friends do not always have to be in the same age group as you. I have a good friend and she is 47 years old and I am 16.

Unfortunately, some people lose contact with their friends as they grow older, which is a sad way to lose a good friend.

I think friendship is one of the most important things in life because if you have no friends you will have no happiness.

1.According to the author, true friendship _______.

A. is easy to get

B. deepens with time

C. needs management

D. affects one’s happiness

2.Paragraph 3 is mainly about______.

A. why drugs are bad for teenagers

B. problems that will test friendship

C. ways that help avoid arguments

D. whether a friend is trustworthy

3.According to the author, which matters least in friendship?

A. Age.

B. Sensitivity.

C. Sense of humor.

D. Communication ability.

4.Which of the following saying can match the author’s view on friendship?

A. Old friends and old wines are best.

B. A friend without faults will never be found.

C. A life without a friend is a life without the sun.

D. a friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.

Mrs. Bertha Flowers was the aristocrat of Black Stamps. She had the grace of control to appear warm in the coldest weather, and on the Arkansas summer days it seemed she had a private breeze which swirled around, cooling her.

One summer afternoon, she stopped at the store to buy supplies. Another Negro woman of her health and age would have been expected to carry the paper sacks home in one hand, but Momma said, “Sister Flowers, I’ll send Bailey up to your house with these things.”

“Thank you, Mrs. Henderson. I’d prefer Marguerite, though.” My name sounded so beautiful when she said it. “I’ve been meaning to talk to her, anyway.” They gave each other age group looks.

There was a little path beside the rocky road, and Mrs. Flowers walked in front swinging her arms and picking her way over the stones.

Without turning her head, she spoke to me, “I hear you’re working very good school work, Marguerite, but that it’s all written. The teachers report that they have trouble getting you to talk in class.” We passed the triangular farm on our left and the path widened to allow us to walk together.

“Now no one is going to make you talk—possibly no one can. But bear in mind, language is man’s way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals.” That was a totally new idea to me, and I would need time to think about it.

“Your grandmother says you read a lot. Every chance you get. That’s good, but not good enough. Words mean more than what is set down on paper.

She said she was going to give me some books and that I not only must read them, I must read them aloud. She suggested that I try to make a sentence sound in as many different ways as possible.

“I’ll accept no excuse if you return a book to me that has been badly handled.” My imagination boggled(退缩) at the punishment I would deserve if in fact I did abuse a book of Mrs. Flowers’.

The odors in the house surprised me. The sweet scent of vanilla(香草) had met us as she opened the door.

“Have a seat, Marguerite. You see, I had planned to invite you for cookies and lemonade so we could have this little chat.” She carried a plate covered with a tea towel.

As I ate she began the first of what we later called “My lesson in living.” She said that I must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. That some people, unable to go to school, were more educated and even more intelligent than college professors. She encouraged me to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit. That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.

When I finished the cookies she brought a thick, small book from the bookcase. I had read A Tale of Two Cities and found it up to my standards as a romantic novel. She opened the first page and I heard poetry for the first time in my life.

“It was the best of times and worst of times...”

Her voice slid in and curved down through and over the words. She was nearly singing. I wanted to look at the pages. Were they the same that I had read? Or were there notes, music, lined on the pages? Her sounds began cascading(瀑布般落下) gently. I knew that she was nearing the end of her reading.

“How do you like that?”

It occurred to me that she expected a response. The sweet vanilla flavor was still on my tongue and her reading was a magic to my ears. I had to speak.

I said, “Yes, ma’am.” It was the least I could do, but it was the most also.

“There’s one more thing. Take this book of poems and memorize one for me. Next time you pay me a visit, I want to recite.”

I have often tried hard to search for the enchantment(着迷) I so easily found in those gifts. To be allowed, no, invited, into the private lives of strangers, to share their joys and fears, was a chance to exchange the Southern bitter wormwood(苦艾) for a cup of mead(蜂蜜酒) with Beowulf or a hot cup of tea and milk with Oliver Twist. When I said aloud, “It is a far, far better thing than anything I have ever done...” tears of love filled my eyes at my selflessness.

I was liked, and what a difference it made, I was respected not as Mr Henderson’s grandchild or Bailey’s sister but for just being Marguerite Johnson.

1.What does Mrs. Flowers mean by saying “Words mean more than what is set down on paper” (paragraph 7)?

A. Besides reading, Marguerite should talk more.

B. The content of books may have different meanings.

C. How one speaks adds extra meaning to words.

D. It is language that distinguishes humans from animals.

2. Marguerite’s opinion of A Tale of Two Cities before and after Mrs. Flowers’ reading can be described as _______.

A. poetic … musical B. satisfactory … informative

C. romantic … dramatic D. common … extraordinary

3.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.

A. Mrs. Flowers was born in a noble family.

B. The meeting between Mrs. Flowers and Marguerite was probably an intentional arrangement.

C. Marguerite hadn’t read poetry before her visit to Mrs. Flowers’ home.

D. Mrs. Flowers would recite new poems on Marguerite’s later visits.

4.Which can be the best title for the passage?

A. The Power of Language

B. A Lesson in Living

C. A Respectable Lady

D. My Initial Access to Charles Dickens

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