题目内容

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War Ⅱ, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared; the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the need in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when       .

A. he has saved up enough money

B. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

C. he has satisfied his hunger

D. he has learned to build houses

It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans        .

A. were very rich       B. lived in poverty

C. had the good things on the first three levels

D. did not own automobiles

Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction” ?

A. A successful career.                 B. A comfortable home.

C. A good meal.                          D. A family car.

What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

A. The more goods the better.

B. The more mental satisfaction the better.

C. The more “luxury” items the better.

D. The more earnings the better.

【小题1】C

【小题1】D

【小题1】A

【小题1】B


解析:

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You may be spending far too many of your present moments in efforts to win the approval of others, or in being concerned with some disapproval that you have encountered．We all enjoy applause, compliments(恭维)and praise, and approval in itself is not unhealthy. Approval-seeking is a misleading zone only when it becomes a need rather than a want.
If you want the approval, you are simply happy to have the recognition of the other people. But if you need it, you are going to break down if you don’t get it. That’s when the self-destructive forces move in. Similarly, when approval-seeking becomes a need, you give up a large part of yourself to the “outside person” whose advocacy(拥护)you must have. If they disapprove, then you are immobilized(使丧失机动性)（even in a small way）. In such a case, you have chosen to wear yourself——worth on your sleeve for someone to rub or not to rub as they see fit. You feel good inside only if they decide to praise you.
The need for approval of another person is bad enough, but the real trouble comes with the need for the approval of everyone for every act. If you carry around such a need, then you are bound for a great deal of misery and frustration in your life. Moreover, you will be incorporating a wish——washy (软弱无力的)non-person self-image that will result in the kind of self-rejection.
The need for approval must go! No question makes there. It must be completely got rid of from your life if you are to gain personal fulfillment. Such need is a psychological dead end, with absolutely no benefits to you.
1．Approval-seeking is healthy when________
A．you need the approval
B．you only want the approval
C．you need the approval of everyone for every act
D．you don’t care about the approval
2．The self-destructive forces move in when________
A．you need the approval and you get it
B．you want the approval and you get it    
C．you need the approval but you don’t get it
D．you want the approval but you don’t get it
3．What does the sentence” You hven chosen to wear your self-worth on your sleeve for someone to rub or not to rub as they see fit.” mean?
A．You have decided to give up yourself worth in order to get the approval.
B．You have decided to change yourself worth in order to get the approval.
C．You have decided to show yourself worth to others and allow them to make a judgment.
D．You have decided to put yourself worth in other’s hand and allow them to keep it or hurt it as they like.
4．The need for the approval of everyone for every act will enentually result in________
A．self-rejection        B．real troubles    C．misery     D．frustration
5．What can we infer from the passage?
A．People can benefit from the need of the approval.
B．Both the want and need for approval are unhealthy.
C．The need for the approval is a destructive feeling and people must get rid of it.
D．Since everyone enjoys praise and compliment, approval-seeking is a natural human need.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all know that money can’t buy happiness. No matter how much we earn, or how nice our clothing or cars or toys are, none of it will make us happier. __【小题1】_____ and the sad thing is that it could take us decades of pursuing wealth and luxury(奢侈) items before we realize this.
So what will bring us happiness? ___【小题2】__ these three things have been proven by surveys of hundreds of thousands of people about what they have, what their lives are like, and how happy they are.
_____【小题3】_____ We have a human need to be close to other human beings. Having good, supportive friendships, a strong marriage or close and loving relationships with our family members will make us much more likely to be happy. So take time to stay with your loved ones, to tell them what they mean to you, to listen to them.
Positive thinking can lead to happiness too. In fact, optimism and self-confidence are some of the indicators(迹象)of people who lead happy lives. So remember to get into the habit of squashing(排除)all negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones.___【小题4】____
The state we enter when we are completely focused on the work or task before us will almost undoubtedly lead to happiness. People find greatest enjoyment not when they are doing mindless work, but when they are absorbed in a mindful challenge.____【小题5】_____ turn off the TV, get outside and do something that truly attract you.
You’ve been given the Three Secrets to Happiness. Don’t waste them.

A．Instead of “I can’t” think “I can”.
B．You will have good relationships with peoples around you.
C．But many times we act as if we’d be happier with a bit more money.
D．Luckily, it’s three things that don’t cost a thing.
E.  Find work and hobbies that you’re passionate about seriously.
F.  The first thing is good relationships.
Most people value their personal happiness above money.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
We all know that money can't make us happy, but many times we act as if we'd be happier with a bit more money. We are conditioned to want to be richer; we are trained to want the latest style that television tells us; we want to earn more money because then we'll have a good life.
But none of that will make us happier. And the sad thing is that it can take us decades of pursuing(追求)wealth and expensive things before we realize that. So what will bring ushappiness? Luckily, there are three things that don't cost anything. Here they are:
Good relationships. We have a human need to be close with other human beings. Having good, supportive friendships, a strong marriage or loving relationships with our family members will make us much more likely to be happy. Therefore, take time, today, to stay with your loved ones, to tell them what they mean to you, to listen to them, and to develop your relationships with them.
Positive thinking. Optimism is one of the best indicators of people who lead a happy life. Happy people feel empowered, in control of their lives. So why not make positive thinking a habit? In fact, this should be one of the first habits you develop.
Flow. This is a popular concept on the Internet these days 一 the state we enter when we are completely focused on the work or tas^. Having work and leisure(休闲）that gets you in this state of flow will almost undoubtedly lead to happiness. People find the greatest enjoyment not when they're passively mindless, but when they're absorbed in a mindful challenge.
If you are interested in some kind of work and keen on some kind of hobbies, it is not a bad idea. Turn off the TV 一 this is the opposite of flow 一 and then go outside and do something that truly makes you active.

 

第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Experts debunk Maya doomsday（末日） predictions -- But that hasn't stopped books, movies from cashing in.

If the ancient Maya and filmmaker Roland Emmerich are correct, the apocalypse（大灾变） will happen very fast, maybe quicker than his new 2½-hour movie.

Predictions of global ruination are rippling around the globe with seismic（地震的） force, all loosely based on a 5,000-year Maya calendar that ends Dec. 21, 2012. Countless Web sites and blogs anticipate(预料) the end of days, as do various New Age groups and would-be prophets(预言者) offering guidance and how-to tips. On Amazon.com , you can read hundreds of book titles combining the year 2012 with terms such as “apocalypse,” “catastrophe” and “end of the world.”

As always, doomsday sells — and a lot of people are buying it.

“There's the psychobabble(心理呓语) aspect,” said Robert Epstein, former editor of Psychology Today magazine and a lecturer at the University of California San Diego. “It's the Sigmund Freud/death wish idea: People glom onto（对…感兴趣） doomsday predictions because there's some small part of them that wants to die, and die spectacularly（壮观的）. I don't believe it, but it's one way to look at this.”

It's Emmerich's way. The German director specializes in wreaking havoc on an epic scale, from climatic cataclysm in 2004's “The Day After Tomorrow” to angry aliens and reptiles in “Independence Day” and “Godzilla.”  In “2012,” he finishes the job.

The digitized disasters of “2012” are oversized, overwrought and sometimes literally over the top, as when a humongous tsunami washes over the Himalayan mountains, whose average height exceeds 20,000 feet. Meanwhile in Los Angeles, a 10.5-magnitude earthquake — a temblor at least 30 times more powerful than any real quake ever recorded — yanks the city apart like a giant zipper, sending chunks sliding into the Pacific Ocean.

That's not physically possible, of course. Nor is a 10.5-magnitude quake, said Thomas Rockwell, a geologist at San Diego State University. To generate that much energy, “you'd need a rupture that extends all around the planet.”

All of that other stuff “is pure Hollywood bunk,” said Bernard Jackson at the UCSD Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.

Entertaining, though, unless you happen to believe the Maya really predicted the end of the world. They didn't, said Geoff Braswell, a UCSD anthropologist. The long-count calendar doesn't signal the end of anything except the end of that particular calendar. “It's just like a car odometer. Unfortunately, hardly anybody reads ancient Mayan. Modern media hype（骗局）, on the other hand, is almost inescapable.

Nicholas Christenfeld, a professor of psychology at UCSD, suggests a more elemental human need. Being swallowed by the Earth or incinerated in a giant fireball “fits neatly with the idea that people want to believe there's a plan, that existence isn't random and pointless,” Christenfeld said.

“We all missed creation, but if we can bear witness at the other end, be part of some grand cosmic destruction, that gives life meaning,” he said. 

It helps, too, not to think very hard about the facts, said Lou Manza, a professor of psychology at Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pa. “These claims have been around forever, and they have all been false, 100 percent wrong,” Manza said.

Of course, prognosticators（预言者, 占卜者） usually have an explanation for that, Christenfeld said.

“They might say it was a misinterpretation,” he said. “They got the date wrong. They might claim humanity acted in time to prevent the destruction. Or faith came to the rescue because people believed something bad was going to happen, it didn't have to happen.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

阅读短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。

     1.    

With the invention of the Internet several decades ago, do you feel that since then it has made us human beings feel more connected to the world and one another, or has it isolated（使孤立）us and made us feel more alone than ever before?

What about you as an individual?

●  2.The Internet enables us to know what’s happening in the world. We couldn't imagine talking to people everywhere in the world twenty years ago.

●3. It unites us because we talk to others from all around our country and tha world, but the Internet can be addicting, and keep us away from people for a while, There is an inherent (内在的) human need for direct human contact (e.g. touching, talking face to face, etc.) that the Internet has all taken away.

●  4. It has given me freedom beyond my imagination. I’m home-bound with many duties to attend to. My life is a bit too crowded. Duties duties duties. I get lost many times not knowing who I really am！This medium is my best friend. It just lets me BE！I can speak here without fear or favour.

●  5. Chatting online is completely different from hanging out with friends outside or hearing their voice over the phone．I find that it’s not just the Internet that has increased this sense of isolation，even iPods，MP3s，such devices kind of separate us，make us lose focus on the everyday happenings of life．

A．I think that the Internet isolates as well as unites us.

B．I believe it unites us more than it isolates us.

C．Do you feel that the Internet unites us or isolates us?

D．What is happening in the world today?

E. The Internet is playing a more and more important role.

F. I think it has isolated us more.

G. I am truly grateful for this new technology.

 

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