题目内容

 

    Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers, who cut through argument, debate and doubt to offer a solution everybody can understand and remember．Churchill warned the British to expect “blood, toil, tears and sweat”; Roosevelt told the Americans that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”; Lenin promised the war-weary Russians peace, land and bread．Straightforward but effective messages．

We have an image of what a leader ought to be．We even recognize the physical signs; leaders may not necessarily be tall, but they must have bigger-than-life, commanding features －- Lyndon Baines Johnson’s nose and ear lobes, Ike’s broad grin．A trade-mark also comes in handy; Lincoln’s stovepipe hat, Kennedy’s rocking chair．We expect our leaders to stand out a little, not to be like an ordinary man．Half of President Ford’s trouble lay on the fact that, if you closed your eyes for a moment, you couldn’t remember his face, figure of clothes．A leader should have an unforgettable identity, instantly and permanently fixed in people’s minds．

It also helps for a leader to be able to do something most of us can’t: FDR overcame polio; Mao swam the Yangtze River at the age of 72. We don’t want our leaders to be "just like us." We want them to be like us but better, special more so. Yet if they are too different, we reject them.

A Chinese philosopher once remarked that a leader must have the grace of a good dancer, and there is a great deal of wisdom to this. A leader should know how to appear relaxed and confident. His walks should be firm and purposeful. He should be able, like Lincoln, Roosevelt, Truman, Lke and JFK, to give a good, hearty, belly laugh, instead of the sickly grin that passes for good humor in Nixon or Carter. Ronald Reagan’s training as an actor showed to good effect in the debate with Carter, when by his easy manner and apparent affability, he managed to convey the impression that in fact he was the president and Carter the challenger.

The every simple truth about leadership is that people can only be led where they want to go. The leader follows, though a step ahead. Americans wanted to climb out of the Depression and needed someone to tell them they could do it, and Roosevelt did. The British believed that they could still win the war after the defeats of 1940, and Churchill told them they were right.

A leader rides the waves, moves with the tides, understands the deepest yearning of his people. He cannot make a nation that wants peace at any price go to war, or stop a nation determined to fight from doing so. His purpose must match the national mood.

1.The underlined word “yearning” in the last paragraph probably means      .

    A．love           B．trouble        C．desire         D．feeling

2.From the fourth paragraph we can learn that         .

    A．leaders usually look special or different

    B．leaders don’t have to be tall

    C．most leaders look ordinary

    D．leaders should always have trademarks

3.According to the article, a leader         .

    A．usually tries to simplify our messages

    B．tell us what we want to hear

    C．encourages us to think about things in a new way

    D．is usually confident and handsome

4.From the passage we can infer that          .

    A．it helps for a leader to be able to dance or act well

    B．great leaders are usually totally different from us

    C．Carter was humorous and made good speeches

    D．it is the people rather than the president that makes what a nation is

5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

    A．Want to be a leader?

    B．What makes a leader?

    C．What does a leader look like?

    D．What must a leader do?

 

【答案】

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D

5.B  

 

练习册系列答案
相关题目

完形填空

　　Travelers to new cities are often told to start their trip with a bus tour．The thinking is that they can then return to the places that 　　1　　 them．Nonsense! What you see from the 　　2　　 of a moving bus is 　　3　　 and completely removed from the real sights, sounds, and 　　4　　　 outside．Be adventurous! The best 　　5　　 to experience any place is on foot and with absolutely①no travel plan．　　6　　 go wherever your feet and your interests 　　7　　 you．You finally will get to the 　　8　　 sites that are on the bus tour－the museums, the monuments, city hall－but you will have seen much more．You will have 　　9　　 the present life of the city．

　　“But what if I get lost?” people might ask．No one ever gets 　　10　　 lost in a major city．At first, you can find your way back to a(an)　　11　　 location．If it 　　12　　 you to be “lost”, just find a taxi and go back to where you started, however, the 　　13　　 things can happen if you get lost．You 　　14　　 at a sidewalk café to sit and relax．You ask instructions of a local people at the next table．And 　　15　　 they don’t speak your language, your trip becomes more memorable②because of the 　　16　　．Here are a few more ways to get the most out of your travel．

　　Know before you go．　　17　　 a few hours before your trip learning about the history and culture of your destination(目的地)．This will help you understand what you’re seeing．

　　Move around like a local．Use the subways and buses of the city you’re 　　18　　．You will not only save money, but you’ll also learn how people really live．

　　Check the bulletin boards．Sometimes you can find advertisements for free concert, and 　　19　　 fun activites on bulletin boards around universities．

　　So the next time you see a poster advertising an introductory③bus tour, save your money．Instead, wander 　　20　　 I promise you a time you’ll remember with great pleasure．

(1)
[　　]

A．

encouraged

B．

disappointed

C．

interested

D．

pleased

(2)
[　　]

A．

inside

B．

front

C．

back

D．

center

(3)
[　　]

A．

real

B．

true

C．

unreal

D．

common

(4)
[　　]

A．

views

B．

cities

C．

towns

D．

smells

(5)
[　　]

A．

idea

B．

way

C．

thought

D．

thinking

(6)
[　　]

A．

Simply

B．

Particular

C．

Generally

D．

Especially

(7)
[　　]

A．

lead

B．

move

C．

tell

D．

help

(8)
[　　]

A．

different

B．

wrong

C．

right

D．

same

(9)
[　　]

A．

left

B．

felt

C．

lived

D．

led

(10)
[　　]

A．

terribly

B．

possibly

C．

hopelessly

D．

finally

(11)
[　　]

A．

unknown

B．

well-known

C．

strange

D．

familiar

(12)
[　　]

A．

frightens

B．

supposes

C．

delights

D．

surprises

(13)
[　　]

A．

worst

B．

hardest

C．

nicest

D．

happiest

(14)
[　　]

A．

reach

B．

get

C．

arrive

D．

stop

(15)
[　　]

A．

in case

B．

as a result

C．

in fact

D．

even if

(16)
[　　]

A．

experience

B．

conversation

C．

talk

D．

trip

(17)
[　　]

A．

Take

B．

Spend

C．

Pay

D．

Use

(18)
[　　]

A．

seeing

B．

visiting

C．

going

D．

walking

(19)
[　　]

A．

the other

B．

another

C．

others

D．

other

(20)
[　　]

A．

of your own

B．

of yourself

C．

on your own

D．

by your self

John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of an banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tired to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician, and so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D. in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry.

In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1933, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and he became one of the 6 full-time people in the School of Mathematics（Einstein was one of the others）

World War Ⅱ hugely changed von Neumann's areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died in 1957 of cancer.

    Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.

    Von Neumann really was a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this Way: "I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path."

1.According to the text, von Neumann's father believed that _____________.

A. a mathematician couldn't earn a lot of money

B. a mathematician needed a good memory

C. von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time

D. von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed.

2.von Neumann published his first book at the age of _________________

A. 23                  B. 26            C. 29                       D. 32

3.How did World War Ⅱ affect John von Neumann?

A. He realized the importance of engineering

B. He began to research how to put mathematics into practice.

C. He left college and served at the government department.

D. He lost interest in chemistry.

4.Which of the following is true of Von Neumann?

A. He had three children

B. He died from an accident.

C. He received many rewards in his life

D. He and Einstein were classmates in Princeton University.

5.From the last paragraph, we can infer John von Neumann was _____________.

A. calm         B. brave       C. intelligent     D. humorous

 

阅读表达 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

After achieving a 9 percent GDP growth, hosting a successful Olympic Games and carrying out its first space walk in the year of 2008, you'd think China would be happy. _________. That, at least, is the opinion of a new book written by a group of Chinese authors.

China Is Not Happy was published in March, 2009. It is a follow-up to the 1996 work China Can Say No, a bestseller that complained about the influence of the West, and the US in particular on China. Thirteen years later, the authors of China Is Not Happy list their dissatisfaction with how China is being treated in the world today.

They argue that China needs to use its growing power and economic resources to build its own position of preeminence（卓越）．"From looking at the history of human civilization, we are most qualified to lead this world." the book says.

The authors, single out the US for special scorn（轻蔑）. "The economic problem has shown the Chinese people that America does have problems, that what we've been saying is right," said one of the authors．

The book has become a bestseller in many Chinese bookstores．Yet much of the response to the book has been negative．Several reviews in the Chinese media have criticized the book's radical（激进的） opinions．The book is a way to "fish money from the pockets of the angry youth and angry elderly," wrote one critic in the China Youth Daily．Meanwhile, a well-known sociologist, Li Yinhe, has said that China needs patriotism（爱国主义）, but there is a limit．In her blog she wrote, "If we are to bully other countries, take the world's resources and try to lead it, we're going over the top．"

1.List two great achievements that China made in 2008 based on the text．（Please answer within 15 words．）

____________________________________________________________________________

2.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 1 with proper words．（Please answer within 6 words．）

____________________________________________________________________________

3.Fill in the blank to suit the meaning of the original sentence in the passage. (within 8 words)

Ancient China was advanced and it was Chinese who created developed civilization, so we Chinese ____________________________________________________________.

4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? （Please answer within l0 words．）

____________________________________________________________________________

5.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? (Within 3 words)

____________________________________________________________________________

 

One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wages. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig（钻探平台）with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and the teacher have in common is that they have devoted several years to studying in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.

　　Another aspect we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling second-hand cars. Yet it is almost certain that the used-car salesman earns more than the nurse and the schoolteacher.

　　Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic（精神的）wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying repetitiveness of his work. It is significant that the jobs like nursing and teaching continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.

Although the amount of money that people earn is largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what is the right pay for the job. A starting point would be to try to decide the ratio（比率）which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicated by two factors: firstly by the welfare benefits which every citizen receives, and secondly by the taxation system which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities will become disappointed, and might even end up by leaving for another country. If it is more, the difference between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead to social unrest.

1.Why do people naturally expect that doctors should be well-paid?

A．Their work requires greater intelligence.

B．They are under constant pressure at work.

C．They work harder than most other people.

D．They have studied for years to get qualified.

2.In Paragraph 2 and 3, the author indicates that __________.

A．the talented should do more important work

B．unskilled jobs have less social responsibility

C．those with more socially useful jobs earn less

D．people want to pay more to important services

3.Which of the following statements would the author agree?

A．It’s difficult to define the social value of a job.

B．The market will decide what the right pay is for a job.

C．People should find a proper ratio between high and low pay.

D．Those receiving high salary should carry heavy responsibilities.

 

A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.

A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two - headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.

No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

1.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ____ .

A．repeated without any change

B．treated as a joke

C．made some changes by the parent

D．set in the present

2.According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is ____ .

A．in a realistic setting

B．heard for the first time

C．repeated too often

D．told in a different way

3.The advantage claimed (提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ____.

A．makes them less fearful

B．develops their power of memory

C．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs

4.The author's mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.

A．fairy stories are still being made up

B．there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

C．people try to modernize old fairy stories

D．there is more concern for children's fears nowadays

5.One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.

A．they are full of imagination

B．they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

C．they are not interesting

D．they make teachers of history difficult to teach

 

违法和不良信息举报电话：027-86699610 举报邮箱：58377363@163.com

精英家教网