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Dr. Carl Sagan has been a leader in space exploration. He is an astronomer at Cornell University and director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies. The author talked with Dr. Carl Sagan about how he became an astronomer.
Q: At the age of five did you know what the stars were?
A: I didn't know what they were, so I asked my friends and some older children, I got answers like “They're lights in the sky, kid.”That wasn't much of an answer. What were they? Were they little electric light bulbs(灯泡) held by black wires you couldn't see?
Q: If there are creatures living on another planet, what do you think they would look like?
A: I can't imagine what they'd look like, and they couldn't imagine what we'd look like. All of life on Earth is the same, except for some external(外部的) differences in form. Every one of us on Earth, from bacteria(细菌) to human being; is made up of the same kinds of proteins and the same kinds of nucleic acids(核酸). But on another planet, everything is different, and I would expect that the organisms would be totally different from us.
Q: Do you think we should have a manned mission(工作团)to Mars?
A: I don't think there's any reason to send people to Mars if our goal is to find out about Mars. Let's send robots instead. They're cheaper. There's no risk of human lives. Robots can go to more dangerous places. But I think there are reasons for sending people there that are not connected to finding out about Mars. Planning for a manned mission to Mars would force us to improve some of our technology. It would encourage the major technological nations to come together for the project. Space flight also speaks to something deep within us. A human mission to Mars would provide a sense of adventure. It would help to stimulate a new generation of scientists, and it would make all people feel a little more optimistic about what we can do as a planet.
Q: What advice would you give a young person who wants to be an astronomer?
A: I'd say,“Study physics. But before you can study physics you have to know mathematics, so study mathematics.”I would also encourage them to read a lot, be curious, and ask questions.
1．As a boy, Carl Sagan didn't ________.
[ ]
A．often ask questions
B．always get satisfying answers from his friends
C．try to do well in physics
D．read a lot
2．We human beings are interested in finding life on another planet because ________.
A．we are naturally drawn to other things that are alive and are curious about them.
B．most of us want to have more friends.
C．some of us are eager to rule the universe
D．scientists want to show how modem our technology is
3．Robots can be sent to Mars because ________.
A．we have enough robots
B．they're strong and big
C．everything is easy to them
D．some duties are too dangerous for human being to fulfill
4．A manned mission to Mars ________.
A．is reasonable if the goal is to collect information
B．is O.K. if robots are sent as well
C．can make us improve some technology to prepare for it
D．can make strong nations come together
5．Which of the following statements is true?
A．Carl Sagan is an astronaut.
B．Carl Sagan used to ask friends silly questions.
C．Carl Sagan thinks we can't imagine what creatures on another planet look like until they can imagine our appearance.
D．Carl Sagan encourages young people interested in astronomy to work hard at physics as well as mathematics.
对话填空
A：Hi Wang Ling, how are your studies going?
B：Well exciting, but sometimes I find them very difficult．Most of the other students can understand the lectures without d 1 , but I have to listen carefully and take lots of notes．
A：Yes, I know what you mean．Have you c 2 recording the lectures?
B：No, I didn’t think we were a 3 to．
A：Oh it’s no problem, you just have to ask the lecturer’s p 4 ．
B：Oh, that’s a good idea．And I don’t get used to the teaching m 5 ．We are often asked to have discussions．You know we seldom did this in China．
A：Well, discussions are really difficult for you at the b 6 , but they are really a good way of learning．The other students have different o 7 and you can learn much from them．So during a discussion listen carefully．If there’s something you don’t understand, you can raise q 8 ．
B：I see．
A：Anyway, don’t always worry about your studies．You need to r 9 yourself．Say travel to some places in Britain．
B：That sounds a good idea．I am so glad to have a f 10 like you in Britain．Thank you very much．
In a six-week study, experts found people who played online games designed to improve their cognitive(认知的) skills didn't get any smarter.
More than 8,600 people aged 18 to 60 were asked to play online brain games designed by the researchers to improve their memory, reasoning and other skills for at least 10 minutes a day, three times a week. They were compared to more than 2,700 people who didn't play any brain games, but spent a similar amount of time surfing the Internet and answering general knowledge questions. All participants were given a sort of I.Q test before and after the experiment.
Researchers said the people who did the brain training didn't do any better on the test after six weeks than people who had simply been on the Internet. On some sections of the test, the people who surfed the Net scored higher than those playing the games.
"If you're (playing these games) because they're fun, that's absolutely fine," said Adrian Owen, the study's lead author. "But if you're expecting (these games) to improve your I.Q., our data suggests this isn't the case," he said during a press briefing on Tuesday.
One maker of brain games said the company's games have been proven to boost brain power.
"Their conclusion would be like saying, 'I cannot run a mile in under 4 minutes and therefore it is impossible to do so," Aldrich said in a statement.
"There is precious little evidence to suggest the skills used in these games transfer to the real world," said Art Kramer, who was not linked to the study and has no ties to any companies that make brain training games.
Instead of playing brain games, Kramer said people would be better off getting some exercise. He said physical activity can spark(激发) new connections between nerves and produce new brain cells. "Fitness changes the building blocks of the brain's structure," he said.
. It can be inferred that the online brain games mentioned in the text are_____________.
A. costly B. unreliable C. illegal D. effective
. Which of the following statements is true about the experiment in the second paragraph?
A. The experiment lasted for a week.
B. Age didn’t affect the result of the research.
C. Every person played online brain games three times a day.
D. People who didn’t play online brain games did better in I.Q test
. What can we learn from the text?
A. Playing games which are fun can improve your I.Q.
B. There is a lot of evidence to suggest skills can transfer to the real world.
C. Do physical activity can boost your brain power.
D. Playing online games can spark new brain cells
The underlined sentence suggests that ___________.
A. The research was not linked to the study
B. Those playing the games can score higher in the test
C. playing the games can spark new connections between nerves
D. This isn’t the case that these games can improve your I.Q.
单词拼写 （共10小题； 每小题1分， 满分10分）
1.The soldiers in the open filed are e______________ to the enemy’s fire.
2.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to b_____________.
3.There was no _____________ (证据) that they had stolen the car.
4.Do you know when India gained its i______________ from Britain?
5.You have to be very c___________ about making a comment on your students’ performance in school. They may be hurt.
6.A___________ in his test papers, he didn’t notice my coming.
7.Cigarette smoking is a major factor c______________ (导致) to cancer.
8.Gas is one of the modern ______________ (便捷设施) the newly-built house provides.
9.The goods of this company are of good q___________. It is no wonder they sell so well.
10.The president delivered a speech for hours without r___________ to his notes.
根据汉语和首字母提示，联系句意，写出所缺单词，请注意使用适当的形式。
76.
You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are well __________(值得) a try.
77.
Some poems tell a story, others try to c__________(传递) certain emotions.
78.
When I was young, I didn’t know much about the harmful _________(影响) of smoking.
79.
Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could _________(影响) the health of non-smokers.
80.
When I was taken of the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to q_____ （放弃）smoking.
81.
If you develop AIDS, your chances of s________ (幸存) are very small.
82.
They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has r________ in (导致) this increase in carbon dioxide.
83.
The _________(态度) of scientists towards this rise are completely different.
84.
Poets use many different forms of poetry to __________（表达）themseves.
85.
Remember, your contribution c__________ (起作用).
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