University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and it’s one of the top university in the world. There is no clear date when the university started, but teaching began at 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and it’s one of the top university in the world. There is no clear date when the university started, but teaching began at Oxford in some forms in 1096 and developed quickly from 1167.
There are 39 independent(独立的) colleges at Oxford, attracting students and learned men from across the world. There are over 100 libraries for the students and learned men to use. At University of Oxford, they also provide a number of money for the best students. Of course, if you want to study here, first you have to reach a certain level of English language.
College life at Oxford is very exciting but busy. The groups of college provide a friendly and welcoming home for students while the college are strict with students about their studies. Many Chinese students are studying here. The number of Chinese students at the university has grown quickly over the past 10 years.
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。（共3小题，每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
【小题1】What do you have to do first if you want to ask fir studying at Oxford? You have to________.

A．be independent

B．pass a certain level test of English language

C．study English hard

D．be the best students

【小题2】How’s the college life at Oxford? It’s full of ________ and has __________.

A．excitement; much school work to do

B．excitement; no school work to do

C．attraction; no school work to do

D．attraction; a little school work to do

【小题3】What’s the best title for the passage?.

A．The College Life

B．The Famous Learners at Oxford

C．The Chinese Students at Oxford

D．The University of Oxford

【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】D

解析试题分析：本文介绍了世界著名的牛津大学的情况，有39个独立的学院，有100多个图书馆，供学生借阅书籍，但是要想进入这个大学英语需要达到一定的水平。中国的许多学生在这里学习。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据if you want to study here, first you have to reach a certain level of English language.英语必须达标，故选B。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据College life at Oxford is very exciting but busy.学生的学习有趣，但是作业多，故选A。
【小题3】标题归纳题。根据University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world ，综观全文是介绍的牛津大学的情况，故选D。
考点：教育类短文阅读。
点评：标题归纳题时还要遵循三个原则，即注意题的醒目性、概括性和针对性。醒目性——我们所判断的标题如果放在文章的最前面，应该能使读者一看到标题就对其内容发生兴趣，即，吸引读者的眼球；概括性——指标题应最大限度地覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性——我们所选的标题不能偏题，必须指向具体文意，因此也应具备强烈的针对性。

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Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a series of discomfort for their fellows. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not smoke. In fact, non-smokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. A great number of students are trying to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms. Believe they are completely right in their aim. However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Smoking is not allowed in theaters, cinemas and in other public places. Therefore, smoking must be forbidden in our classroom. Although many people have passed away for having smoked a lot and we call on people to give up smoking, yet many more that are following will turn down what we say every day, above all, the young people smoke a lot more.

In the writer’s opinion, smoking does good to ________.

A. nobody B. some people C. smokers D. young people

The phrase “pass away” probably means ________.

A. leave one’s home B. lose one’s life C. pass by D. go away

According to the selection, which of the following is true?

A. Smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the non-smokers.

B. Non-smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the smokers.

C. Non-smokers suffer as much from the polluted air as the smokers.

D. Non-smokers don’t suffer so much from the polluted air as the smokers.

Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour.

The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.

Scientists have changed the colour of a dark-striped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment(色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanosomes(黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour.

It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation(变异) in the gene for melanosome production. This results in less pigmented skin.

However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.

Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun(太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin colour, said Cheng.

The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.

The passage mainly tells us that ________.

A. people can not change their skin colour without any pain

B. the new discovery could lead to search into ways to change skin colour safely

C. pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin colour as he liked

D. scientists have found out that people’s skin colour is determined by the gene

It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A. nowadays people who want to change their skin colour have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment B. Europeans and Africans have the same gene

C. the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer D. there are two kinds of genes

Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebra fish in order to ________.

A. find the different genes of humans’

B. prove the humans’ skin colour is determined by the pigment gene

C. find out the reason why the Africans’ skin colour is dark D. find out the ways of changing peopl’s skin colour

The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably that ________.

A. they are born light-skinned people

B. light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gen for melanosome production

C. they have fewer activities outside D. they pay much attention to protecting their skin

The writer’s attitude towards the discovery is ________.

A. neutral B. negative C. positive D. indifferent

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To get a driver's permit, a beginner is now required to have at least 86 hours' practice before the .final road test.

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A. Most of the undergraduates

B. Many undergraduates

C. Many students in the driving school

D. Most of the students who learn business or international trade

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A. they need this skill to find a good job

B. they like to drive cars

C. they will not have any time to learn to drive after they have found a full-time job

D. most of them will be able to buy cars in the future

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A. He thought it was better to learn it at college than at work.

B. He decided it was a waste of money and time to learn to drive.

C. He agreed that they could learn to drive.

D. He thought they would spend three times more time to learn to drive than usual.

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Bad moods can actually be good for you, with an Australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (轻信), improves their ability to judge others and also boosts memory.

The study, authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales, showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of, and paid more attention to, their surroundings than happier people, who were more likely to believe anything they were told.

"Although positive mood seems to promote creativity, flexibility, cooperation, and reliance on mental shortcuts, negative moods trigger (引发) more attentive, careful thinking, paying greater attention to the external world," Forgas wrote.

"Our research suggests that sadness ... promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations."

For the study, Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.

In one of the experiments, happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.

People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices, and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.

The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments, which Forgas said showed that a "mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete, accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style."

"Positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors, are more resistant to eyewitness distortions（扭曲）and are better at producing high-quality, effective persuasive messages," Forgas wrote.

The study was published in the November/December edition of the Australian Science journal.

_ The study suggests that when someone is in a bad mood, he ________ .

A. is particular about everything B. shows less concern about others

C. is willing to believe what he hears D. cares more about his surroundings

_Which of the following is connected with positive mood?

A. New ideas. B. Being stubborn. C. Being careful. D. Concentration.

_ How did researcher put the subjects in good or bad moods?

A. By watching sports programs. B. By listening to happy or sad stories.

C. By dealing with demanding situations. D. By thinking back on their past experience.

_ Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A. Positive mood leads to better judgement.

B. Sad people remembered what they saw precisely.

C. Cheerful people were less likely to believe rumors.

D. People in bad mood tend to make quick decisions.

_The author intends to convince(说服) us that __________ .

A. Joseph Forgas made a great discovery B. bad moods can actually be good for us

C. we should think positively and negatively D. the Australian study is of practical value

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Ichthyologists who wish to specialize can choose any one of three areas of study. The first area is aquaculture (水产养殖). This involves the study and practice of fish farming and management. Because it is a rather new study, there are very few job opportunities available. However, as there is so much to discover, many see it as an exciting area for a new ichthyologist to enter. The second area is fisheries science, which means working with a team of scientists to find out more about different fish species. The third area is about the protection of natural fish populations. This is very important today, given that many fish species are in danger of dying out because of the actions of humans.

To become a successful fish scientist, you need to have a curious mind and be able to work on your own. You also need to be able to handle equipment and perform experiments; but most importantly, you must love fish. To become an ichthyologist, you will need to train at a university to pass a Bachelor of Science degree. For this, you will need to be good at mathematics, physical science and biology. Then, you will need to study for another year to complete an honours degree in ichthyology. This honours degree contains coursework about all aspects of fish. You also need to complete a research paper.

68. What makes the jobs of ichthyologists so varied?

A. They study fish habits and collect information.

B. They have to study science and mathematics.

C. They work in fields as well as in laboratories.

D. They read research papers written by others.

69. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. An ichthyologist has an interesting and varied profession.

B. Aquaculture is the study of fish protection.

C. The life of an ichthyologist can involve lots of travel.

D. A fish scientist needs to be independent and curious about things.

70. Who is most likely to become an ichthyologist?

A. Tom, because he likes fishing and outdoor sports.

B. Jack, because he likes to travel and read adventure books.

C. Jenny, because she likes science, mathematics and reading about dinosaurs.

D. Jane, because she likes mathematics, science, biology and searching rock-pools.

71. The passage is probably written for .

A. university students B. science researchers

C. fisheries experts D. fish farmers

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