题目内容

　　In 1837, at the age of seventeen, Florence Nightingale decided to become a nurse, which horrified her whimsical（多奇想的）mother. In those days nurses were little more than door-keepers, and hospitals were pits of squalor（污秽）and neglect. Nightingale pressed on, and in 1853 she became superintendent（院长）of a small London hospital. She went on to the Crimea when war broke out there between Britain and Russia. She established the first of what we know as war hospitals: sanitary（卫生）, safe and stocked with supplies. Her tireless ministrations（照顾，照料）to the wounded soldiers made her famous all over the world.

　　Following the war Nightingale avoided fame and continued to train nurses, ever battling against what she herself declared“a commonly received idea... that it requires nothing but a disappointment in love or incapacity in other things, to turn a woman into a good nurse.”ince 1921 her birthday--May 12--has been the centerpiece of National Hospital Week, observed in British and American hospitals with special exhibitions, workshops and publicity drives.

(1)Florence Nightingale was born on ______.

[　　]

A．May 12, in 1821
B．May 12, in 1921
C．May 12, in 1830
D．May 12, in 1831

(2)The underlined word“it”efers to ______.

[　　]

A．turning a woman into a doctor

B．turning a woman into a good nurse

C．avoiding fame

D．continuing to train nurses

(3)The word“observed”n the second paragraph means ______.

[　　]

A．watched carefully
B．saw and noticed
C．paid attention to
D．celebrated

(4)Why did Florence Nightingale become well-known all over the world?

[　　]

A．She was one of the best nurses then.

B．Her skills of operations were the most wonderful and successful.

C．She always looked after the wounded soul and heart.

D．She was superintendent of London Hospital.

(5)Why did Florence Nightingale want to become a nurse?

[　　]

A．The author did not give the reason.

B．Florence Nightingale would like to become famous by attending the wounded of battles.

C．She wanted to take good care of the sick.

D．She was not able to do anything but become a nurse.

答案：A;B;D;C;A
解析：

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　In 1837,the historian Carlyle made the first recorded use of the word“queue”（排队）．He spoke of the French and their “habit of standing in a queue”．Forty years later Pairs was the best place to wait in line．

　　However,queuing became popular in Britain too．The Second World War was the golden age of queuing,and people joined any line in the hope that it was a queue for something to buy．This was the source of many Second World War jokes:Shopkeeper to customer:Excuse me,miss,are you pregnant（怀孕）?Customer:Well,I wash't when I joined the queue．

　　Today,according to research in America,we(in Britain)can spend up to 5 years of our lives queuing — as compared to twelve months looking for things we have lost．But things may be changing．Many people no longer have the patience to stand in a queue．The law of the jungle（丛林）has begun to operate at bus stops,with people using their arms to push others out of the way．

　　One way to make life easier is to introduce“queue management”．Customers at supermarket cheese counters can now take a ticket with a number which appears on a screen when it is their turn．And while they wait for their number,they can do a bit of shopping．

　　In some booking．offices there is also a system telling customers how long they may have to wait before they are served．

　　One of the latest technical progress is the use of an electronic scanner（电子识别器）which can read all the contents of your shopping basket or trolley in just a few seconds．If these become popular,queuing in supermarkets may become a thing of the past．

　　But some people just like queuing．One man queued all night for Harrods famous January sale,and then returned home for breakfast at nine o'clock the next morning without going into the shop．

(1)

The joke in Paragraph 2 implies that the young woman ________

[　　]

A．

has stood in the wrong line

B．

doesn't need to stand in the queue

C．

enjoys standing in the queue

D．

has been waiting in the queue for a long time

(2)

According to the passage,which of the following is true?

[　　]

A．

People queue only when they want to buy something．

B．

The British are always patient when they wait in line．

C．

The Americans criticized the British for their way of queuing．

D．

The British spend more time queuing than looking for lost things．

(3)

The British try to solve the problem of queuing by all the following EXCEPT ________

[　　]

A．

checking the price of the goods customers buy with a scanner

B．

using numbered tickets to put the customers in order

C．

telling the customers the waiting time

D．

making a law to prevent queuing

(4)

We can infer from the passage that ________

[　　]

A．

the French like queuing more than the British

B．

we don't see much queuing in Paris

C．

there is still queuing in England

D．

queue management doesn't work well

阅读理解:　　 阅读下列短文, 从所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳答案。

　　 　　     Morse was on a ship returning from Europe in October 1832 when he　　 heard about some recent experiments which had been done with　　 electricity in Paris. During the rest of the trip, Morse thought about　　 the experiments and about telegraph. He had figured out all the　　 important features (特点) of telegraph before the ship reached New　　 York. Morse spent the next five years building working models. On June　　 20, 1840, Morse got a U.S. patent (专利) on his invention. During the　　 1840s and 1850s many telegraph lines were built in the United States　　 and Europe. Morse was never able to get patents in Europe or England,　　 and his income from the U.S. telegraph companies (公司) was small. In　　 1858 ten companies gave him a gift of 400,000 francs for their use of　　 his system (系统).　　

　　

(1) In which years did Morse most probably succeed in inventing　　 telegraph?

[　　]

A. In 1832.　　B. In 1837.　　C. In 1840.　　D. In 1858.　　 　　

(2) Morse had the idea of his invention ________.

　　

[　　]

A. before he settled down in New York　　 　　

B. on a ship returning to Europe　　 　　

C. on a trip to America　　 　　

D. in his lab in Europe　　 　　

(3) After he got a U.S. patent on his invention, _________.

　　

[　　]

A. telegraph lines were put to use by many companies　　 　　

B. Morse found out all the important features of telegraph　　 　　

C. Morse tried hard to get patents in Europe　　 　　

D. his system was greatly improved　　 　　

(4) In 1858, some companies gave him a great deal of money ______.

　　

[　　]

A. in order for him to live properly　　 　　

B. to praise him for his invention　　 　　

C. for him to get patents in England　　 　　

D. for his telegraph lines used by them　　 　　

(5) Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　

[　　]

A. Morse tried the experiments with electricity on a ship goingn to New York.　　 　　

B. After Morse got his patent in the United States many telegraph lines were built there.　　 　　

C. His income was small because his system was not widely used.

D. His system was introduced to Europe only after he got his patent on the invention.

阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Disease, poverty, hate, love-Charles Dickens’ stories opened his readers eyes to the most important themes of his age．Two hundred years on, his stories still speak volumes across the world, proving that Dickens’ legacy(遗产)was far greater than just “great literature”

　　February 7 marks the 200th anniversary of the writer's birthday．To mark this date, BBC writer Alex Hudson listed six things Dickens gave the modern world．Let's take a look at two of them．

　　A white Christmas

　　Dickens is described as “the man who invented Christmas”-not the religious festival, but the cultural aspects that we associate with the festive season today．In the early 19th century, Christmas was barely worth mentioning, according to critic and writer Leigh Hunt．The committee which ran the Conservative Party even held ordinary business meetings on Christmas Day-unthinkable in the West nowadays, when everyone but the most necessary workers takes at least three days off．

　　Many people believe that Dickens’ popular descriptions of the festive period became a blueprint for generations to come．In his classic novel, A Christmas Carol, he not only put forward the idea of snow at Christmas, but also painted a picture of glowing warmth-“ home enjoyments, affections and hopes”．

　　In his biography of Dickens, Peter Ackroyd wrote：“ Dickens can be said to have almost single-handedly created the modern idea of Christmas．”

　　“Dickensian” poverty

　　Dickens was one of the first to take an honest look at the underclass and the poor of Victorian(the period during British Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901)London．

　　He helped popularize the term “red tape” to describe situations where people in power use needless amounts of bureaucracy(官僚作风)in a way that particularly hurts the weaker and poorer members of society．

　　“Dickensian” has now become a powerful word for describing an unacceptable level of poverty．In 2009, when the president of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers in the UK wanted to talk about deprivation in some areas of Britain, she did not use words like “terrible” or “horrific”, but rather described it as “life mirroring the times of Dickens”．

(1)

What is the main idea of the article?

[　　]

A．

An introduction to Charles Dickens’ classic novels．

B．

Charles dickens’ impact on the world．

C．

Charles Dickens’ amazing characters．

D．

Why Charles Dickens is popular across the world．

(2)

Why is Dickens called “the man who invented Christmas”?

[　　]

A．

Because he created the religious festival．

B．

Because many of his novels have something to do with Christmas．

C．

Because one of his novels helped to shape Christmas celebrations．

D．

Because he was the first man to have proposed celebrating Christmas．

(3)

According to the article, the phrase “red tape” refers to ________．

[　　]

A．

rules or procedures that are required to accomplish a task

B．

a situation in which poor members of society are hurt．

C．

conflict between people in power and weaker people

D．

pointlessly time-consuming official procedures

　　In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple cameras. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.

　　The next important date in the history! of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another French, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

　　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.

　　In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to cary lots of films and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.

　　Mathew Brady was a well - known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life - like and full of personality （个性）.

　　Brady was also the first preson to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.

　　In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography... Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls（卷）. So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.

　　With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures" snapshot".

　　Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.

　　Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

　　The passage is mainly about ________.

　　A. the inventoin of cameras

　　B. a kind of new art - photography

　　C. the development of photography

　　D. the important dates in the history of photography

　　　The first pictures of a war were taken by________.

　　A. a French photographer in the 1840s

　　B. an American photographer in the 1860s

　　C. a German reporter in the 1880s

　　D. a French artist in the 1890s

　　Photography can also be an art form because artists can ________.

　　A. take anything they like

　　B. keep a record of real life

　　C. take photos of the famous

　　D. show ideas and feeling in pictures

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