题目内容

A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.

   A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.

No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

41. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _______.

A. repeated without any change          B. treated as a joke

C. made some changes by the parent      D. set in the present

42. According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is _______.

A. in a realistic setting                   B. heard for the first time

C. repeated too often                       D. told in a different way

43. The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _______.

A. makes them less fearful

B. develops their power of memory

C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs

44. The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _______.

A. fairy stories are still being made up

B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

C. people try to modernize old fairy stories

D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays

45. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.

A. they are full of imagination

B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

C. they are not interesting

D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach

41-45:CBABB


解析:

本文为论说文,作者驳斥了对神话故事的种种指责和误解。

41. C。细节题。根据 It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. 可推知此题答案为C。

42. B。细节题。根据 this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once. 可推知此题答案为B。

43. A。细节题。根据Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.可以得出此答案。

44. B。推断题。有些人认为神话不现实,都是教孩子一些不存在的东西,会对孩子有不好的影响。作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设,如果这些观点站得住脚的话,可能会出现这样的情况:the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend. 可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。

45. B。推断题。根据 …not objectively true, do not exist可知有些人不赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的,远离现实。故选B。

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Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.?

Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child's hurriedly-made table as “perfect”!Even though it couldn't stand on uneven (not same in height) legs. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails in science, his teacher is unfair or stupid.?

The trouble with failure—prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time—and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win. A child who's not invited to a birthday party, who doesn't make the honor roll or the baseball team feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick comfort prize or say “It doesn't matter”,because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment and be helped to master it.

Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown-ups and children exactly alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask “Why did I fail?”. Control the natural impulse(冲动) to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don't be shy about asking them.?

This passage mainly tells us about _______.?

A. the reasons why people fail

B. how to fail?

C. the ways to prevent failures

D. the importance of facing failures?

When the writer says “every person has the right to fail”, he means to say _______.

A. the world is full of failures        

B. no one is perfect?

C. failures are quite common in our lives     

D. no one can grow up mentally without failures?

By “protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed”, the writer means that most parents try their best _______.?

A. to let their children know that they won't fail?

B. not to teach their children about knowledge of failure?

C. to provide their children for the knowledge against failure?

D. to keep their children from realizing that they failed?

According to the writer, _______.

A. parents should tell their children to think nothing of not being chosen into a football team?

B. children should be encouraged to get rid of disappointment all by themselves

C. parents should judge what their children have done as it is?

D. children should learn to enjoy a game that they won't win??


II 语言知识及应用(共两节,满分35分)
完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意;然后从21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I take the firm position that parents do not owe their children college education.If they can __21__ it, they can certainly send them to the best universities.But they must not feel guilty if they can’t.If the children really want to go, they’ll find a __22__.There are plenty of loans and scholarships for the bright and eager ones who can’t afford to pay.
When children grow up and want to __23__, their parents do not owe them a down payment on a house.They do not have the duty to baby-sit their grandchildren.If they want to do it, it must be considered a __24__ not an obligation.
Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.
One of their obligations is to give their children a personal __25__.A child who is constantly made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins will become so __26__, so afraid of failing that he (or she) won’t try at all.Of course they should be __27__ corrected when they do wrong, but it’s often better to let children learn their mistakes by themselves __28__.All our parents should do is to trust them, respect them, tolerate them and give them chances to try and fail.They must learn to stand __29__.When criticisms are really needed, they should be __30__ with praises, with a smile and a kiss.That is the way children learn.
21.A.find                      B.get                         C.afford                     D.receive
22.A.supply                    B.help                       C.hand                       D.way
23.A.get married             B.get a job                 C.go abroad               D.live alone
24.A.pleasure                  B.favor                      C.habit                      D.service
25.A.worth                     B.affair                      C.belief                            D.respect
26.A.unknown                B.unusual                   C.unsure                    D.unfair
27.A.properly                 B.gently                     C.nearly                    D.possibly
28.A.now and then          B.in time                   C.at once                   D.right now
29.A.failure                    B.honor                     C.progress                  D.test
30.A.mixed                    B.satisfied                  C.shared                    D.balanced

In America,where labor costs are so high, do-it-yourself is a way of life.Many people  36 their own car,build their own garages,even rebuild their own  37 .Soon they may also be writing their own books.In Hollywood there is a company  38 publishes(出版) Children’s books  39  the help of computers.Although other book  40  also publish that way,this particular company is very  41  .It “personalizes”(使个性化)the book by having the computer make the reader the leading character in the story.Here is  42  they do it.Let us say your child  43  Jenny.She lives on Oak Drive in St. Louis,has a dog named Spot,a cat named Tabby,and three playmates  44  names are Betty,Sandy ,and Jody.The computer uses this  45 to fill out a story that has  46 been prepared and illustrated(发行).The story is then printed(印刷) with standard equipment  47  a hard-cover book.A child who  48  such a book might say,”This book is about me”;the company therefore calls  49  the Me-book Publishing Company”.
Children like the Me-books because they like to see their own names in print and 50  of their friends and their pets.  51  more important ,”personalization” has been  52  to be important tool(工具) in   __53  enthusiasm(热情) for reading.So Me-books are helping   54  to learn how to read,   55  appealing to(吸引) that natural desire to see his own name in print.

【小题1】
A.drive B.buyC.repairD.notice
【小题2】
A.housesB.busesC.TV setsD.computers
【小题3】
A.whereB.不填C.thatD.what
【小题4】
A.underB.withC.inD.by
【小题5】
A.stores B.librariesC.sellersD.companies
【小题6】
A.commonB.importantC.unusualD.ordinary
【小题7】
A.howB.whyC.whatD.where
【小题8】
A.namesB.to be named C.namingD.is named
【小题9】
A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.that
【小题10】
A.newsB.information C.condition D.direction
【小题11】
A.alreadyB.reallyC.carefully D.fully
【小题12】
A.asB.thatC.likeD.such
【小题13】
A.givesB.borrowsC.looks for D.receives
【小题14】
A.themB.itselfC.yourselfD.it
【小题15】
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.those
【小题16】
A.ButB.AndC.SoD.Therefore
【小题17】
A.foundedB.invented C.foundD.heard of
【小题18】
A.developing B.workingC.seeingD.improving
【小题19】
A.a boyB.a girlC.a studentD.a child
【小题20】
A.byB.forC.withD.about

Spiderman is one of the most famous comic book heroes of all time.He was created by Stan Lee in 1963 and was first introduced to the world in the pages of Marvel comic books.
Spiderman’s story is the story of Peter Parker,a child who lost his parents and lives with his aunt and uncle.Peter is a shy,quiet boy wearing glasses and has few friends.One day,on a high school class trip to a science lab,he gets bitten by a special spider.Soon Peter realizes he has amazing powers:he is as strong and quick as a spider and also has a type of sixth sense.He no longer needs his glasses and he can use his super power to fly through the city streets! Remembering something his Uncle Ben has told him,that “with great power,there must also come great responsibility(责任),”Peter decides to use his powers to fight enemies who do cruel things to people.And so,Spiderman is born.
Life is not easy for Peter even though he is a superhero.He is in love with Mary Jane but cannot tell her about his amazing powers.Besides,his best friend Harry hates Spiderman! Peter is also short of money and time.He has to sell photos of Spiderman(himself!)to a newspaper and he keeps losing his other jobs because he’s so busy saving people! Yet he has to fight different kinds of cruel enemies.
【小题1】Who created Spiderman?

A.Peter Parker.B.Marvel.C.Stan LeeD.Superman.
【小题2】What happened to Peter Parker after he was bitten by the spider?
A.He could not see with his eyes.B.He became a spider.
C.He was sick.D.[He developed spider-like powers.
【小题3】What does “with great power,there must also come great responsibility” mean?
A.Powerful people can do whatever they like.
B.People with power are always good.
C.Powerful people are to blame for all the bad things that happen.
D.Powerful people should have a responsibility to do good.

Attitude is an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.
The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas—all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.
Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.
Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification(修正)of attitudes.
【小题1】 According to the passage, attitudes _________.

A.come from different situations in one’s life
B.are largely affected by one’s behavior
C.remain unchanged in one’s daily life
D.could be chosen according to one’s will
【小题2】The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show _________.
A.people often make mistakes when they are not noticed
B.people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds
C.particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action
D.an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily
【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?
A.Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.
B.Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.
C.Copying others behavior is not a good idea.
D.Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.
【小题4】What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Differences of Attitudes.
B.Nature of Attitude.
C.Choices of Attitudes.
D.Modification of Attitude.

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