题目内容

【题目】 Its well known that our human memory can fail us. People can be forgetful, and they can sometimes also remember things incorrectly, with damaging consequences in the classroom, courtroom, and other areas of life. Now, researchers show for the first time that bumblebees(大黄蜂) can be unreliable witnesses too.

Bumblebees are rather clever animals, which explains why Chittka has been studying learning and memory in the insects for the last 20 years.

Most times when people have studied memory in animals, errors in performance have been taken to mean that the animals failed to learn the task or perhaps learned it and then forgot. But what if animals can experience a more interesting type of memory failure?

To find out, Chittka first trained bumblebees to expect a reward when visiting a yellow artificial flower followed by one with black-and-white rings. During subsequent tests, bees were given a choice between three types of flowers. Two were the types theyd seen in the training before. The third had yellow-and-white rings, representing a mixed-up version of the other two. Minutes after the training, the bees showed a clear preference for the flower that recently rewarded them.

One or three days later, however, something very different happened when the bumblebees memory was put to the test. At first, the bees showed the same preference displayed in the earlier tests, but as the time went on, they began selecting the flower with yellow rings, even though theyd never actually seen that one in training before.

Chittka says that insects make similar errors in the conjunction (结合) of long-term memories as humans do. The ability to extract (提取) common features between different events in the environment might come at the expense of remembering every detail correctly. In bees, with their limited brain capacity (容量), the pressure to store main features of several objects rather than each individual object might be much greater, compared with humans.

【1】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Human memory can fail sometimes.

B. Bumblebees make false memories too.

C. Humans are not as clever as bumblebees.

D. Bumblebees have extraordinary memory.

【2】Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word subsequent?

A. scientific B. accurate

C. following D. exceptional

【3】According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Memory failure influences students study effects.

B. Bumblebees memory is complicated and worth studying.

C. The bees couldnt make out which flower had rewarded them days later.

D. Bumblebees are stupid insects with limited brain capacity.

【4】 What does the test mentioned in Paragraph 4 tell us?

A. Short-term memories serve the bees well.

B. The yellow artificial flower appeals to the bees.

C. Bumblebees like the flowers with yellow-and-white rings.

D. Bees have remarkable abilities to distinguish colors.

【5】We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. Chittka thinks that bumblebees failed to remember the color of the flowers

B. Researchers have learned that bumblebees are unreliable animals

C. There exist no similarities between the memory errors in humans and bees.

D. It is less challenging for humans than bees to store main features of several objects.

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【5】D

【解析】

试题分析:文章讲述了动物与人类一样也很聪明,会思考,有大脑。更人类一样,他们的记忆也会出错。

【1】B 主旨大意题。结合第一段和最后一段表述知本篇文章主要讲述的侧重点在于论证大黄跟人类记忆一样也会出错。

【2】C 词义猜测题。定位到第三段第二句,During subsequent tests,后面开始讲述实验经过,可知,指接下来的实验。

【3】D 细节理解题。其他正确。D错误在于文中提到大黄蜂能根据记忆识别颜色,而不是做标记。

【4】A 主旨理解题。结合第一句和最后一句, the pressure to store main features of several objects rather than each individual object might be much greater, compared with humans.可知蜜蜂和人的记忆不同,所以选A。

【5】D 主旨理解题。由文章总体可知文章写了蜜蜂与人之间的关系,蜜蜂很像人类,所以选D。

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【题目】“Don't worry if you have problems!” It is easy to say until you are in the midst of a really big one. The only people who don't have troubles are gathered in little neighborhoods. Most communities have at least one. We call them cemeteries. If you're breathing, you have difficulties. It's the way of life. And believe it or not, most of your problems may actually be good for you! Let me explain.

Maybe you have heard the Great Barrier Reef, stretching some 1,800 miles from New Guinea to Australia. Tour guides regularly take visitors to view the reef.

On one tour, a traveler asked the guide an interesting question. "I notice that the lagoon (泻湖) side of the reef looks pale and lifeless, while the ocean side is vibrant and colorful," the traveler observed. Why is this?

The guide gave an interesting answer, "The coral around the lagoon side is in still water, with no challenge for its survival. It dies early. The coral on the ocean side is constantly being tested by wind, waves and storms. It has to fight for its survival every day. As it is challenged and tested, it changes and adapts. It grows healthy. It grows strong. And it reproduces."

Then he added, “That's the way it is with every living organism.”

That's how it is with people. Challenged and tested, we come alive! Like coral pounded by the sea, we grow. Physical demands can cause us to grow stronger. Mental and emotional stress can produce tough-mindedness and resiliency. Spiritual testing can produce strength of character and faithfulness. So, you have problems? No problem! Just tell yourself, "There I grow again!"

Remember: A smooth sea never made a skilled mariner.

【1】Who has no problems according to the passage?

A. The persons who are very famous.

B. The persons who have much money.

C. The persons who have been born.

D. The persons who are living in the cemeteries.

【2In the writer's opinion, ________.

A. problems bring us much trouble

B. problems have two sides, good or bad

C. we should try to stay away from any trouble

D. the fewer things we do, the less trouble we'll meet

【3The reason why lagoon side of the reef has no life is _______.

A. it hasn't got any sunlight

B. it has less energy than others

C. it never faces any challenge and tests

D. it has no work to do every day

【4】After reading this passage, we should ________.

A. regard any problem as challenge

B. learn from the lagoon side

C. worry your problem

D. enter into cemeteries

【题目】完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

I was waiting for a phone call from my ____ . He had left a message the night before, telling me that my show was to be _____ _.I called him several times, ____ _ each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he ______ call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was ____ _ no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more_____ _. I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn't care about me. I was _____ _ with that _____ . I started to shout at the phone, "Let me wait, will you? Who do you think you are?"

At that time I didn't realize my wife was____ _. Without showing her surprise, she____ _ in, seized the phone, tore off the ____ _, and shouted at the phone, "Yeah! Who do you think you are? Bad telephone!" And she _____ it into the wastebasket.

I stood watching her, _____ _. What on earth?

She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the ______ of the house, "Now hear this! All objects in this room—______ _ you do anything to upset my husband, out you go!".

Then she turned to me, kissed me, and said _____ _, "Honey, you just have to learn how to take control." With that, she left the room.

After watching a _____ __ woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything _____ _, I noticed that something in ______ had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone? Her antics helped me realize I had been____ crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.

【1A. agent B. wife C. secretary D. assistant

【2A. dismissed B. canceled C.failed D.transformed

【3A. for B.so C.and D. but

【4A.should B. would C.might D. shall

【5A.rather B. ever C. still D. even

【6A.skeptical B. impatient C. depressed D. critical

【7A. faced B. covered C. overcome D.overlooked

【8A.idea B. thought C.mind D. mood

【9A. looking down B. looking up C. looking for D. looking on

【10A. jumped B. hurried C. rushed D. stepped

【11A. phone B. wires C. receiver D. call

【12A.snatched B.skipped C.swept D.scratched

【13A. speechless B. silence C. surprising D. scared

【14A.remains B. left C.other D. rest

【15A.unless B.as C. if D.since

【16A. jokingly B. stubbornly C. calmly D. cautiously

【17A. loving B. crazy C. humourous D.bored

【18A. in shape B.in order C. in place D. in sight

【19A. eyes B. heart C. mind D. mood

【20A.pushed B. driven C.forced D. kept

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