题目内容

To take a walk after supper seems to me a rule ________.

A.
to never break
B.
never to have broken
C.
never to be broken
D.
never to be breaking

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Trying to make a big decision while you’re also preparing for a scary presentation? You might want to hold off on that. Feeling stressed changes how people weigh risk and reward. However, an article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, suggests stressed people pay more attention to the positive sides of a possible outcome.

It’s a bit surprising that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. She co-wrote the review paper with Nichole R.Lighthall. “This is sort of not what people would think, ” Mather says. “Stress is usually associated with negative experiences, so you’d think, maybe I’m going to be more focused on the negative outcomes.”

But researchers have found that when people are under stress, they start paying more attention to positive information and discounting negative information. “Stress seems to help people learn from positive feedback and impairs（削弱）their learning from negative feedback, ” Mather says.

When people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the good sides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the problems. So someone who’s deciding whether to take a new job and is feeling stressed by the decision might focus on the increase in salary more than the longer commute（上下班往返）.

The increased focus on the positives also helps explain why stress plays a role in addictions. People under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get that reward comes stronger and they’re less able to resist it,” Mather says. A person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from a drug, while the downsides shrink into the distance.

Stress also increases the differences in how men and women think about risk. When men are under stress, they become even more willing to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative(保守的). Previous research backs this up — men usually react to difficulties while trying to fight them or escape them; women try to find friends and improve their relationships.

1.By saying “You might want to hold off on that” in the first paragraph, the writer suggests that .

A．you might want to delay making your big decision

B．you should save the presentation for later

C．you should avoid taking risks

D．you might benefit from the stress

2.From the article, we can conclude that stress .

A．often leads people to take more risks

B．often leads people to make balanced decisions

C．makes people think more of negative results

D．makes people ignore the negative side of problems

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

A．Stress is helpful in getting rid of addictions.

B．People who are addicted to drugs are easily stressed.

C．When women are stressed, they do not tend to take risks.

D．When men are stressed, they are more likely to develop an addiction.

4.What is the central theme of the article?

A．Stress can affect decision-making.

B．Stress increases our desire to get rewards.

C．We should think more about the upside of problems.

D．There is a link between stress and negative experiences.

Ten years ago I used to be very fit (健康的). I rode a bike to work and I got a lot of exercise at weekends. I used to play tennis a lot and go for long walks. In those days I didn’t earn very much. I had a job in an office. It wasn’t a very good job but I had a lot of time to do the things I enjoyed doing.

Then, about eight years ago, I got a much better job. The pay was better, but the hours were a lot longer. I bought a car and drove to work every day. I began to take people out to lunch. And I began to put on weight, too. I stopped playing tennis and going for long walks at weekends because I just didn’t have any time for things like that any more.

There’s a lot of stress (压力) in my job. Perhaps that’s why I started drinking more than I used to. For example, I used to have only half a glass of whisky when I got home, but then I started filling my glass to the top, and instead of having one glass, I would have several. I started smoking a lot, too. I never used to smoke at all.

Two months ago I had a heart attack. At first I just couldn’t believe it. Luckily it wasn’t very serious. The doctor advised me to stop smoking and to eat less. He also advised me to work less and get more exercise. But I just haven’t any time! My job takes everything out of me!

Sometimes I wonder if I should get another job. Perhaps I could do something like I used to do. But if I do that, I won’t earn as much. I have a family to support. I have to think of them, too. I just don’t know what I should do. What do you think?

1.Compared with ten years ago, what is worse for the author now?

A．His job.	B．His pay.
C．His means of transport.	D．His health.

2. According to the passage, when the author got the better job, which of the following is NOT true?

A．He got higher pay.

B．His working hours weren’t long.

C．He found it very stressful.

D．He had little free time at weekends.

3.After the author had a heart attack, the doctor advised him _____.

A．not to work any longer

B．to take a long vacation abroad

C．to stop smoking and take exercise

D．not to eat out any more

根据对话情景和内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

------Oh, I have been moving from one place to another.

------And so do I.

------ _________6______

------It’s in the next village.

------_________7______

------Yes, you need to take a bus. It goes every hour.

------I’ll go there now. _________8______

------Thanks. _________9______

------How many do you want?

------Two dozens. _________10_____

------Ok, see you later.

------See you later.

A. I’ll make some cakes for a party.

B. Is it far from here?

C. Why are you moving to your new house?

D. I’d like some eggs.

E. Would you carry the box for me?

F. Do you want anything?

G. Where’s the nearest supermarket?

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

A. An introduction to the language of medicine, including medical and anatomical terminology, definitions, the process of word construction, and analysis of terms. The focus is on the use of prefixes, suffixes and combining forms that facilitate the ability to translate medical terms.

B. This course examines Japanese popular culture as a way of understanding the changing character of media, capitalism, fan communities and culture. Topics include comic books, hip-hop and other popular music in Japan, anime and feature films, sports, and online communication.

C. This course introduces basic concepts in Electrical and Computer Engineering, and demonstrates them in the context of real applications. Course topics include transistor, diode and operational amplifier circuits, digital logic gates and power supply operation.

D. An introduction to the complex and contingent relationship between architects and the environments in which they intervene. Using contemporary and historical materials, students will begin to understand how architects establish and position design processes in response to their social, technological, and material situations.

E. This course is an introduction to the history and civilization of Europe and the Mediterranean area in the middle ages. The emphasis is on the dissolution of the classical Greco-Roman world into three kindred civilizations, Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom; the formation of a new civilization in the West; and the beginning of the eventual rise to world predominance of the West.

F. The course provides an opportunity for students to test their interest in the social work profession by introducing them to the wide range of areas in which social workers practice and the skills and knowledge required in each area. Topics cover the history of social welfare.

1.Pat is an electronic component company’s employee. He was sent to university to learn Electrical and Computer Engineering. His main task is to study the application of electrical components.

2.Nancy has just been admitted as a professional pharmacist of a university this year. She wanted to select an elective course to learn about medical, anatomical terminology and translating medical terms.

3.Karen is an exchange scholar from the University of California. She has a keen interest in Asian culture, especially Japanese popular culture. She wanted to study Japanese comics, dance, music, etc. to understand the change of modern Japanese society.

4.Tommy wanted to be an architect. He would like to take a course to learn about construction methods, site selection, materials, and environmental assessment.

5.Nora will soon graduate from university. Career option disturbs him for a long time. His tutor suggested that he should select a vocational guiding course to help him determine the future career in the last one semester.

Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.

One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements（组成部分）of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.

Language

A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.

Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad . An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example, many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.

Customs and manners

Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad （色拉） before the main course at dinner, not after. It’s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast.

1. A knowledge of the local language allows international business people _________.

A. to communicate without outside help

B. to be more open with their customers

C. to express their thoughts indirectly

D. to have a better idea of their own culture

2. The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of ________.

A. attitudes B. values C. manners D. customs

3. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Misconceptions in Business B. Basic Beliefs in Business

C. International Business Culture D. Successful International Business

4. The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people ___________.

A. how to take a right attitude in business

B. how to act politely and properly in business

C. how to use a local language in business

D. how to avoid misunderstandings in business

To take a walk after supper seems to me a rule ________.

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