Honesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes．Unfortunately, honesty often leaves us when no one is watching, British psychologists reported last week．
Researchers at UK's Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department's coffee room．
They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the price for drinks．People helping themselves to a cup of tea were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby．
The scientists hung a poster above the money box, and changed each week between pictures of gazing(注视的)eyes and pictures of flowers．The researchers found that staff paid 2.76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung．
“We were shocked by the size of the effect,” said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers．
Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual(知觉的)signal for humans, scientists say．
“Even though the eyes were not real, they still seemed to make people behave more honestly,” said Melissa Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study．
Researchers believe the effect throws light on our evolutionary(进化的)past．It may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed when early humans formed social groups to increase their chances of survival．For social groups to work, individuals had to co-operate, rather than act selfishly．“There's an argument that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly．But when we're being watched we should behave better．So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us,” Bateson said．
The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes．That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to, Bateson said．
The finding could be put to practical use．For example, images of eyes could ensure ticket sales on public transport and improve surveillance(监视)systems to deter antisocial(反社会)behaviour．
(1)
The story is written mainly to _________．
[ ]
A．
warn you to behave honestly whether you are alone or not
B．
explain the root of cheating in exams with no teachers present
C．
describe how the experiment in Newcastle University worked
D．
inform us of a strong reaction that people have to eyes
(2)
The experiment carried out in Newcastle University made researchers think that _________．
[ ]
A．
honesty is not the best policy
B．
evolution has a big influence on our behavior
C．
humans have to form social groups to survive
D．
people are more relaxed when not being watched
(3)
From the text, we know that _________．
[ ]
A．
no one acts selfishly when being watched
B．
the function of eyes is not only biological but social
C．
the image of eyes worked as well as the picture of flowers
D．
a waiter was there serving people drinks in the experiment
On Sundays my father always wore that dull gray apron-the one with the race cars all over it．The ritual began after breakfast when Dad always announced： "Go ahead everyone．I'll take care of the dishes! " With that my mother disappeared into the folds of the Sunday paper．Off came the suit coat he had worn to church that morning．Up went the shirtsleeves．On went that apron．For the next hour Dad did the dishes, singing ballads like "I Had a Hat When I Came In" and "Who Put the Chow in Mrs．Murphy's Chowder? "
I suppose it was strange for a boy's father to wear an apron-even one with race cars-but I never thought much of it until the day that Dad broke with tradition．It was the last Sunday in August．My father seemed in an expansive mood as we walked home from church together．
"Tommy, " he said letting my name roll off his tongue．My mind raced ahead of his words： The birds and the bees? A new bike? A part-time job?
"There comes a time in every boy's life when he must take on responsibilities．" This was important．I might even get to back the car out of the driveway．
"Responsibilities? " I asked．
"Yes．It's time you took a greater role in the household．" Power tools? Boss my baby brother?
"Starting today, I want you to do the dishes on Sunday morning so your mother and I can work the crossword puzzle together．"
"The dishes! ? "
"Anything wrong with taking over the dishes, son? "
I started to say something about a man's job or woman's work, but I knew immediately that my protests would fall on deaf ears．
I didn't taste a bit of breakfast that morning．Dad seemed in a cheerful mood and was describing a wonderful baseball game he saw last night．
Suddenly, everything grew quiet．My sister began to clear the table．My brother was finishing the last of the egg from his plate．And then that ancient family ritual(程序、仪式)that had filled so many Sunday mornings came to an end．My father announced： "Let's go read the paper, Hon．"
"Aren't you doing the dishes? " my mother asked in puzzlement．
"Your oldest son has generously offered to fill the position．"
My brother and sister stopped cold．So this was what my life had come to．A dark angel sat on my left shoulder and reminded me that I could hit a baseball farther than anyone in my class．I could bench-press my weight．Ask me to run through a rainstorm．Command me to ride the roller coaster – backward．These things I would do．But I could never do those dishes．There was nothing left but to refuse．
People often say there is a special chemistry between a father and a son．He came back into the kitchen just as I was about to storm out．He had loosened his tie and rolled up the sleeves of his shirt-ready to relax．In his right hand was the old apron．
"I want you to have this, Tommy．It'll keep your clothes from getting wet．" And before I could mount a protest, he had put the thing on me．"Thanks, Son．Your mother and I appreciate this．"
With that he disappeared into the Sunday paper．I looked down at the plastic．It had seen better days．I could see my dad reaching for the dishes．The dark angel flew off．Soon I was singing about Mrs．Murphy's chowder．The words came out of nowhere．And out of nowhere I knew the kind of man I wanted to be．
(1)
From paragraph 1, we can learn that ________．
[ ]
A．
the family usually had breakfast after going to church on Sundays
B．
father was not really willing to wash dishes for the family
C．
mother would wash dishes together with father
D．
mother used to do the dishes alone
(2)
What did the author think of washing dishes at first?
[ ]
A．
It's natural for a man to wash dishes．
B．
Children need to help parents wash dishes．
C．
Parents should wash dishes more．
D．
Washing dishes was women's work．
(3)
Which of the following is conveyed in the passage?
[ ]
A．
The writer understood his father at last．
B．
The writer was asked to run through a rainstorm．
C．
The writer's sister offered to wash dishes for him．
D．
The writer's mother was happy that he offered to wash dishes．
(4)
Which of the following words can best describe the author's father?
[ ]
A．
Stubborn．
B．
Humorous．
C．
Responsible．
D．
Generous．
(5)
The writer wrote the passage in order to ________．
[ ]
A．
tell readers how his father taught him what it means to be a man
B．
tell readers there is always a special chemistry between a father and a son
C．
show readers the generation gap is actually something easy to deal with
D．
show readers what an ideal relationship between a father and a son is like
