题目内容

Risk of death is 3.5 t0 5 times greater for obese smokers than it is for people who have never smoked and are at a normal weight, according to a study published in the November, 2006 issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

The study, which began with a self-administered questionnaire taken between 1983 and 1989, asked more than 80,000 radiologic technologists aged 22 t0 92 questions about age, height, weight and smoking behavior.

    BMI (body mass index) was calculated, with a BMI of 30 t0 34.9 being considered obese, and 35 and over being very obese. Smoking behavior was analyzed by looking at a person's tobacco consumption level, number of years smoked, and current smoking status. Researchers then followed participants through December of 2002, noting the number of deaths that occurred.

     The study involved researchers from the National Cancer Institute, the University of Minnesota and the American Registry of Radiolegic Technologists.

     Key Findings:

     20 percent of obese adults in the United States smoke.

     Obese smokers face a greater risk of death from cancer and circulatory disease.

     Current smoking is a greater risk factor for death by cancer than obesity is, generally speaking.

     The higher a person's pack-years (number of packs smoked per day times the number of years smoked) are, the greater the risk of death.

    Men and women of all ages faced an elevated risk of death due to circulatory disease as BMI increased. And for those who were both obese and currently smoking, risk of circulatory disease increased 6 to 11 times under the age of 65, as compared to their never-smoking, normal weight counterparts.

     While it's not surprising that obesity coupled with smoking is a recipe for trouble, it is important to highlight this growing health concern in America today.

     Taking Charge of Your Health

     Making healthy choices can be difficult when we're constantly bombarded with products that are hazardous to our health, but it's not impossible. With education and some motivation, we all have the ability to make lasting changes for the better. If you're an overweight smoker worried about gaining weight due to quitting, take heart. It's never too late to change your course and even reverse damage to some extent.

1.What is the probably the best title of the text?

A. Obese smoking and death             B. Key findings about smoking

C Taking charge of your health           D. Obesity and smoking

2.Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. Obese smokers are less likely to suffer from cancer

B. Obese smokers are more likely to suffer from cancer

C. Obese smokers .tend to gain fewer body mass index.

D. Obese smokers tend to get heavier than those Who never smoke

3.According to the  author, it is________to get rid of smoking.

A. easy and possible                     B. difficult and impossible

C. easy ant worthwhile                   D. difficult but worthwhile

4. What is the American Journal of Preventive Medicine?

A. An medical institute.                   B A research center.

C. A medical magazine                    D. A TV station

5. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To inform the readers of the findings about obese smoking.

B. To warn the readers of  the danger of obese smoking.

C. To tell us what obese smoking is.

D. To call on the obese smolkers to quit smoking.

 

【答案】

 

1.A

2.B

3.D

4.C

5.D

【解析】

试题分析：本文主要讲述一个研究发现：比起不吸烟的人和正常体重的人来说，肥胖吸烟者死亡的风险更大。

1.纵观全文，结合文章第一段的主题句可知文章主要是讲肥胖吸烟者死亡的风险更大，故选A。

2. 从文章第一段的主题句Risk of death is 3.5 t0 5 times greater for obese smokers than it is for people who have never smoked and are at a normal weight可知选B。本题也根据AB答案是一对互为矛盾的选项，其中必有一个是正确选项，从而缩小选择范围。

3.根据最后一段第一句Making healthy choices can be difficult when we're constantly bombarded with products that are hazardous to our health, but it's not impossible可确定正确答案为D.而B答案错误在impossible。

4.根据文章第一段第二行according to a study published in the November, 2006 issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine可以得知American Journal of Preventive Medicine是一本杂志。

5.从文章最后一段If you're an overweight smoker worried about gaining weight due to quitting, take heart. It's never too late to change your course and even reverse damage to some extent可知作者在号召那些肥胖吸烟者戒烟。

考点：科普性说明文。

 

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The Olympic Games are seen as the greatest test of an athlete’s ability and are supposed to celebrate the spirit of fair play. But in fact, sportsmen have been using drugs to cheat their way to victory since the Games first began.

       In the early years, athletes ate mushrooms(蘑菇)and plant seeds to improve their performance. Nowadays, this kind of cheating has a name doping(服用兴奋剂).

       Just last month, Britain’s top sprinter(赛跑选手) Dwain Chambers and several American athletes tested positive(呈阳性)for the drug THG. Until a coach secretly gave a sample of THG to scientists, no one knew how ho test for it.

       “We’re like cops(警察)chasing criminals—athletes are always adapting and looking for areas we haven’t investigated,” said Jacquew de Ceaurriz, a French anti-doping expert.

       Since the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, many cheats have been caught out. The most famous case in history is that of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson.

He broke the 100 meters world record in winning gold at the 1988 Seoul(汉城)Olympics. But days later, he tested positive for drug use, lost his gold medal and was banned from the sport. Five years later, he returned to action—only to be found positive again and banned forever.

China has also had problems with drug cheats. At the 1994 Asian Games, 11 Chinese athletes—seven of them swimmers—tested positive for banned drugs. Sports organizations promised that cheating on this scale would not happen again.

Experts are also worried that doping can damage a person’s health. It is believed to increase the risk of liver and kidney(肝肾)diseases, and women may experience reproductive(生育) problems. As long as they can stay ahead of the scientists, it is unlikely the cheats will stop. But experts say there is a limit to what can be achieved and that athletes will not be able to change their bodies using gene(基因)technology.

“For the moment, genetic doping does not exist,” said de Ceaurriz. “Even in 10 or 15 years it will not be done easily—the scientific community(界)will not let it happen.”

Which of the following is not the way that some athletes cheat to their better sports achievements?

A. Eating mushrooms.    B. Taking drug THG. 

C. Taking genetic doping.   D. Eating plant seeds.

How many countries are mentioned in the passage in which there were athletes doping?

A. Two.                 B. Four.                C. Sic.                  D. Eight.

We can infer from the passage that ____.

A. scientists get a lot of information about drugs before the athletes take doping

B. taking doping will never happen again because of the serious test

C. few athletes used drug cheats before the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics

D. problems with drug cheats are still serious though they are severely tested

Which statement of the following is true?

A. Many police are sent to chase criminals of taking doping during the Olympic Games.

B. The drug test was carried out until the 1968 Olympics.

C. There is the possibility that women athletes taking doping will give no birth to a child.

D. Ben Johnson was banned from sports forever for being tested positive for drug use at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.


The Olympic Games are seen as the greatest test of an athlete’s ability and are supposed to celebrate the spirit of fair play. But in fact, sportsmen have been using drugs to cheat their way to victory since the Games first began.
In the early years, athletes ate mushrooms(蘑菇)and plant seeds to improve their performance. Nowadays, this kind of cheating has a name doping(服用兴奋剂).
Just last month, Britain’s top sprinter(赛跑选手) Dwain Chambers and several American athletes tested positive(呈阳性)for the drug THG. Until a coach secretly gave a sample of THG to scientists, no one knew how to test for it.
“We’re like cops(警察)chasing criminals—athletes are always adapting and looking for areas we haven’t investigated,” said Jacquew de Ceaurriz, a French anti-doping expert.
Since the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, many cheats have been caught out. The most famous case in history is that of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson.
He broke the 100 meters world record in winning gold at the 1988 Seoul(汉城)Olympics. But days later, he tested positive for drug use, lost his gold medal and was banned from the sport. Five years later, he returned to action—only to be found positive again and banned forever.
China has also had problems with drug cheats. At the 1994 Asian Games, 11 Chinese athletes—seven of them swimmers—tested positive for banned drugs. Sports organizations promised that cheating on this scale would not happen again.
Experts are also worried that doping can damage a person’s health. It is believed to increase the risk of liver and kidney(肝肾)diseases, and women may experience reproductive(生育) problems. As long as they can stay ahead of the scientists, it is unlikely the cheats will stop. But experts say there is a limit to what can be achieved and that athletes will not be able to change their bodies using gene(基因)technology.
“For the moment, genetic doping does not exist,” said de Ceaurriz. “Even in 10 or 15 years it will not be done easily—the scientific community(界)will not let it happen.”
(  ) 60. Which of the following is not the way that some athletes cheat to their better sports achievements?
A.Eating mushrooms.        B Taking drug THG.
C. Taking genetic doping.       D. Eating plant seeds.
(  ) 61. How many countries are mentioned in the passage in which there were athletes doping?
A. Two.                 B. Four.                C. Sic.                  D. Eight.
(  ) 62. We can infer from the passage that ____.
A.scientists get a lot of information about drugs before the athletes take doping
B.taking doping will never happen again because of the serious test
C.few athletes used drug cheats before the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics
D.problems with drug cheats are still serious though they are severely tested
(  ) 63. Which statement of the following is true?
A.Many police are sent to chase criminals of taking doping during the Olympic Games.
B.The drug test was carried out until the 1968 Olympics.
C.There is the possibility that women athletes taking doping will give no birth to a child.
D.Ben Johnson was banned from sports forever for being tested positive for drug use at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

 

         The Olympic Games are seen as the greatest test of an athlete’s ability and are supposed to celebrate the spirit of fair play. But in fact, sportsmen have been using drugs to cheat their way to victory since the Games first began.

         In the early years, athletes ate mushrooms(蘑菇)and plant seeds to improve their performance. Nowadays, this kind of cheating has a name doping(服用兴奋剂).

         Just last month, Britain’s top sprinter(赛跑选手) Dwain Chambers and several American athletes tested positive(呈阳性)for the drug THG. Until a coach secretly gave a sample of THG to scientists, no one knew how to test for it.

         “We’re like cops(警察)chasing criminals—athletes are always adapting and looking for areas we haven’t investigated,” said Jacquew de Ceaurriz, a French anti-doping expert.

         Since the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, many cheats have been caught out. The most famous case in history is that of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson.

         He broke the 100 meters world record in winning gold at the 1988 Seoul(汉城)Olympics. But days later, he tested positive for drug use, lost his gold medal and was banned from the sport. Five years later, he returned to action—only to be found positive again and banned forever.

         China has also had problems with drug cheats. At the 1994 Asian Games, 11 Chinese athletes—seven of them swimmers—tested positive for banned drugs. Sports organizations promised that cheating on this scale would not happen again.

         Experts are also worried that doping can damage a person’s health. It is believed to increase the risk of liver and kidney(肝肾)diseases, and women may experience reproductive(生育) problems. As long as they can stay ahead of the scientists, it is unlikely the cheats will stop. But experts say there is a limit to what can be achieved and that athletes will not be able to change their bodies using gene(基因)technology.

         “For the moment, genetic doping does not exist,” said de Ceaurriz. “Even in 10 or 15 years it will not be done easily—the scientific community(界)will not let it happen.”

(  ) 60. Which of the following is not the way that some athletes cheat to their better sports achievements?

A.Eating mushrooms.         B Taking drug THG.

C. Taking genetic doping.       D. Eating plant seeds.

(  ) 61. How many countries are mentioned in the passage in which there were athletes doping?

         A. Two.                       B. Four.                       C. Sic.                          D. Eight.

(  ) 62. We can infer from the passage that ____.

A.scientists get a lot of information about drugs before the athletes take doping

B.taking doping will never happen again because of the serious test

C.few athletes used drug cheats before the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics

D.problems with drug cheats are still serious though they are severely tested

(  ) 63. Which statement of the following is true?

A.Many police are sent to chase criminals of taking doping during the Olympic Games.

B.The drug test was carried out until the 1968 Olympics.

C.There is the possibility that women athletes taking doping will give no birth to a child.

D.Ben Johnson was banned from sports forever for being tested positive for drug use at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

 

       The Olympic Games are seen as the greatest test of an athlete’s ability and are supposed to celebrate the spirit of fair play. But in fact, sportsmen have been using drugs to cheat their way to victory since the Games first began.

       In the early years, athletes ate mushrooms(蘑菇)and plant seeds to improve their performance. Nowadays, this kind of cheating has a name doping(服用兴奋剂).

       Just last month, Britain’s top sprinter(赛跑选手) Dwain Chambers and several American athletes tested positive(呈阳性)for the drug THG. Until a coach secretly gave a sample of THG to scientists, no one knew how to test for it.

       “We’re like cops(警察)chasing criminals—athletes are always adapting and looking for areas we haven’t investigated,” said Jacquew de Ceaurriz, a French anti-doping expert.

       Since the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, many cheats have been caught out. The most famous case in history is that of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson.

       He broke the 100 meters world record in winning gold at the 1988 Seoul(汉城)Olympics. But days later, he tested positive for drug use, lost his gold medal and was banned from the sport. Five years later, he returned to action—only to be found positive again and banned forever.

       China has also had problems with drug cheats. At the 1994 Asian Games, 11 Chinese athletes—seven of them swimmers—tested positive for banned drugs. Sports organizations promised that cheating on this scale would not happen again.

       Experts are also worried that doping can damage a person’s health. It is believed to increase the risk of liver and kidney(肝肾)diseases, and women may experience reproductive(生育) problems. As long as they can stay ahead of the scientists, it is unlikely the cheats will stop. But experts say there is a limit to what can be achieved and that athletes will not be able to change their bodies using gene(基因)technology.

       “For the moment, genetic doping does not exist,” said de Ceaurriz. “Even in 10 or 15 years it will not be done easily—the scientific community(界)will not let it happen.”

(  ) 60. Which of the following is not the way that some athletes cheat to their better sports achievements?

A.Eating mushrooms.         B Taking drug THG.

C. Taking genetic doping.       D. Eating plant seeds.

(  ) 61. How many countries are mentioned in the passage in which there were athletes doping?

       A. Two.                 B. Four.                C. Sic.                  D. Eight.

(  ) 62. We can infer from the passage that ____.

A.scientists get a lot of information about drugs before the athletes take doping

B.taking doping will never happen again because of the serious test

C.few athletes used drug cheats before the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics

D.problems with drug cheats are still serious though they are severely tested

(  ) 63. Which statement of the following is true?

A.Many police are sent to chase criminals of taking doping during the Olympic Games.

B.The drug test was carried out until the 1968 Olympics.

C.There is the possibility that women athletes taking doping will give no birth to a child.

D.Ben Johnson was banned from sports forever for being tested positive for drug use at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

 

Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy．Low levels of vitamin D can lead to diseases such as rickets(软骨病), mainly found in children．The thinning of bone is a common problem as people, especially women, get older．

But more and more research is suggesting that vitamin D might also help prevent many diseases．The easiest way to get vitamin D is from sunlight．The sun’s ultraviolet(紫外线的)rays react with skin cells to produce vitamin D．But many people worry about getting skin cancer and skin damage from the sun．As a result they stay out of the sun．Also, darker-skinned people produce less vitamin D than lighter-skinned people．The amount also de-creases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight．

Not many foods naturally contain vitamin D．Foods high in this vitamin include oily fish and fish liver oils．Farmed fish have only about one-fourth as much vitamin D as wild fish．Small amounts of vitamin D are found in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks．But most of the vitamin D in the American diet comes from foods such as milk．

Research in the last several years has shown that low levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of heart attacks in men and deaths from some cancers．More doctors are now having their patients tested for their vitamin D levels．But as research continues, some experts worry that if people take too much vitamin D, it might act as a poison, Also, skin doctors warn people be careful with sun exposures because of the risk of skin cancer．

1.The first paragraph is mainly about     ．

       A．the muscle diseases                        B．the sources of vitamins

       C．the importance of health                    D．the functions of vitamin D

2.Which of the following people produce the least amount of vitamin D?

       A．Elderly darker-skinned people．

       B．Young lighter-skinned people．

       C．Elderly lighter-skinned people．

       D．Young darker-skinned people．

3.People can get the most vitamin D from     ．

       A．beef liver           B．cheese               C．wild fish           D．farmed fish

4.What can we infer from the text?

       A．Being exposed to sunlight is the safest way to get vitamin D

       B．Lack of vitamin D can make people age quickly

       C．Proper vitamin D levels people need are still not determined now．

D．The vitamin D level is higher in men than in women．

 

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