题目内容
Us, night's meteor (流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild. Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
"My family was so frustrated." admitted town resident Daune Cosby.” We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”
Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decade, They say that light pollution prevents from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consist of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的) birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”
Countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful to humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years. Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.
41. It happened last night that ______.
A. the city's lights affected the meteor watching
B. the meteors flew past before being noticed
C. the city light show attracted many people
D. the meteor watching ended up a social outing
42. What do the astronomers complain about?
A. Meteor showers occur less often than before.
B. Their observation equipment is in poor repair.
C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.
D. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting
43. What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?
A. Birds may take other migration paths.
B. Animals' living habits may change suddenly.
C. Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.
D. Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.
44. Lighting regulations in Flagstaff. Arizona are put into effect to
A. lessen the chance of getting cancer
B. create an ideal observation condition
C. ensure citizens a good sleep at night
D. enable all creatures to live in harmony
45. What message does the author most want to give us?
A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.
B. Great efforts should be made to save energy.
C. Human activities should be environmentally friendly.
D. New equipment should be introduced for space study.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，题材是灯光污染与环境保护。本文主要介绍了灯光污染给天文学家、人类、其它生物所带来的不良影响。以及人们为解决此问题所采取的措施等。
| 段落 | 关键词、句 | 大意推测 |
| 第一部分（Para. 1-3） | Dissatisfied, darkened the light; frustrated, Complained... for decades; fight against | 导入：通过观看流星不成功的原因导入本文的主题—灯光污染给天文学家带来的影响。 |
| 第二部分（Para. 4-5） | Suffers even more; severely affects migrating; die in crashes | 灯光污染给其它生物带来的影响。 |
| 第三部分（Para. 6） | aware of the negative effects; assist astronomers; similar efforts | 人们为解决此问题所采取的一些措施。 |
【解析】
41. A。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词last night快速定位第一段。根据第一段最后一句可知“城市的夜空被灯点缀的是如此明亮以至于暗淡了头上飞过的流星的光亮，因此影响了人们观星”。所以可以推出A是正确选项。
42. C。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词astronomers快速定位第三段。根据they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects … they could see quite easily in the past.可以推断灯光污染问题一直没有得到解决，这才是他们所抱怨的。其他选项原文根本没有提到，属于无中生有的。
43. D。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干快速定位第四段。第四段驻澳讲述了灯光污染对于鸟类、蝙蝠、青蛙、蛇等的影响，尤其严重影响你鸟类的迁徙，最后一句话“每年北美大约有一亿的鸟在与被灯光点缀的建筑物或是高塔的撞击中死亡”因此可以推断D选项是正确的。
44. B。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干中的大写Flagstaff, Arizona快速定位文章最后一段…Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory可知推行此规定的目的是为天文学家更好的观察服务的。
45. C。推理判断作者意图题。难度：较难。文章主要讲的是灯光污染给人类和其它生物带来的影响，而灯光的直接造成原因就是人类本身，因此作者写本文主要是要告知人们人类的活动应该要注意环保。其它三项的内容均与本文无关。
【难句学习】
1. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
翻译：城市的灯光时如此的明亮以至于头顶飞过的流星的亮度被削弱，因此人们看到的只是被点亮的夜空而不是流星
分析：本句的是一个由what引导的主语从句，what作found的宾语。so …that引导结果状语从句。passing overhead是非谓语动词作后置定语。darken是动词。
2. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.
翻译：天文学家说光污染阻止了他们去看过去很容易就可以看到的天空中的目标。
分析：本句中say后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句。而sky后面的that引导的是一个定语从句，先行词是objects ，that在从句中作see的宾语。
3. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.
翻译：可是除了专业和业余的观星者外，还有一个群体遭受着甚至更为严重的光污染的影响。
分析：本句是一个there be 特殊结构。that引导的是一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是population。
4. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.
翻译：他们担心在睡觉的时候如果有太多的光亮的话可能会增加一个人得癌症的机会。
分析：本句中worry 后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句，while sleeping引导的是时间状语从句的省略结构。of getting cancer是chances的后置定语。
5. a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.
翻译：此外，一个运动正在进行中，目的是为了提醒我们不用灯的时候要关掉它，这样其它生物也能共享夜晚。
分析：本句中to remind…是不定式作目的状语。when we are…是when引导的时间状语从句，so that引导的是目的状语从句。
Are your children liked by their teachers? All parents want their children to impress(给...的印象) their teachers and succeed in school. You can get your children to impress their teachers by following these easy steps.
Make sure they’re prepared. Teachers are impressed by children coming to school prepared to learn. Make sure they have everything they need—pencils textbooks, erasers and so on.
Require them to be active in class. Teach them to ask teachers questions when they don’t understand something. Some children think teachers are bothered by questions, but most teachers are impressed when children take the initiative(采取主动) in asking questions. They should take part in class discussions, giving their opinions politely.
Keep your children healthy. If your children are tired and hungry, they won’t be ready to learn. Children need at least 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night. Feed your children a solid breakfast and prepare a healthy lunch. Provide them with fruit and other healthy foods—apples or bananas are better for them than cookies.
Make sure that your children do their homework. If they really don’t understand it, discuss it with them patiently. Don’t help them do their homework. Teachers can always tell who it is that does the work.
Teach your children good manners and habits. Children need to arrive at the school punctually, and be polite to their teachers and classmates. Parents need to teach these skills at home. Nothing is sweeter than children who say “please” and “thank you”, and these are children their teachers are certain to love.
【小题1】The first paragraph serves as ________.
| A．an explanation | B．an introduction | C．a background | D．a guidance |
| A．Hungry and tired children can’t focus on their study. |
| B．Children should go to school on time and learn to behave well. |
| C．Teachers aren’t able to decide if parents do homework for their children. |
| D．Teachers are impressed when children take an active part in class. |
| A．help your children to impress their teachers at school |
| B．ask your children to get ready for classes before going to school |
| C．teach your children to be polite to both their teachers and classmates |
| D．remind your children to observe all the rules when at school |
American society is not nap (午睡)friendly . In fact , says David Dings , sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , “There’s even a prohibition (禁止) against admitting we need sleep”. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work . To quote a proverb : “Some sleep five hours , nature requires seven , laziness nine and wickedness(淘气的) eleven.”
The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them . “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping ,” says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University , the godfather of sleep research .
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified(发现) an “American sleep debt” which one member said was as important as the national debt . The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness : people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving . This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House . According to recent reports , President Clinton is trying to take a half---hour snooze (瞌睡) every afternoon .
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity . We seem to have “a mid afternoon quiet phase ,” also called “a secondary sleep gate .” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed . Clearly , we were born to nap .
We superstars of snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut--eye or to prepare for a night shift . Rather , we “snack” on sleep ,whenever , wherever and at whatever time we feel like it . I myself have napped in buses , cars , planes and on boats ; on floors and beds ;and in libraries , offices and museums .
【小题1】The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans .
| A．don’t like to take naps |
| B．are terribly worried about their national debt |
| C．think that lack of enough sleep causes many accidents |
| D．have caused many industrial and traffic accidents |
- warn us of the wickedness of napping
C. discuss the side effects of napping
D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping
【小题3】The “American sleep debt”(Line 1 , Para .3) is the result of .
- the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep
- the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration
- the rapid development of American industry
- the Americans’ worry about the danger of sleepiness
- preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift
- good practice to eat something light before we go to bed
- essential (基本的) to make up for lost sleep
- natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it