题目内容
The amount of time children spend in institutional care(机构式照顾)may affect how their brains develop. That’s the conclusion of a new study carried out by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, Harvard Medical School and the University of Minnesota. The study is published in Child Development in the journal’s January/ February 2010 issue.
To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. Some of them were adopted into U.S. homes after spending at least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in Asia, Latin America, Russia and Eastern Europe, and Africa. Others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into U.S. homes from foster care(寄养)in Asia and Latin America; most of these children had spent no time in institutional care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placement. On average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. These children were compared to a group of American children raised in their birth families.
Children adopted early from foster care didn't differ from children raised in their birth families in the United States. Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse (冲动)control. Yet these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving sequencing and planning.
The take-home message: Children make tremendous advances in cognitive(认知的) functioning once they reach their adoptive families, but the early impact on their brains' development is difficult to change completely.
"We identified basic learning processes that are affected by early institutionalization," notes Seth Pollak, professor of psychology and pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin, who was the study's lead author. "Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in children's lives."
67.The passage is mainly written to___________.
A.compare two childcare systems B.criticize the institutional childcare
C.present a new research finding D.introduce the basic learning process
68.Children have their brain development affected in institutional care because__________.
A.they suffer form poor living conditions
B.they spend too much time learning
C.they don’t have freedom staying there
D.they are neither physically nor mentally satisfied
69.Compared with home-raised children, institutionalized children didn’t do as well in tasks like__________.
A.thinking in pictures and self-control
B.working in teams and self-expression
C.putting things in order and self-defense
D.adapting to the environment and self-panning.
70.It can be concluded form the passage that__________.
A.the United States is a good place for children’s all-round development
B.a perfect family is beneficial to children’s all-round development
C.children in institutional care can hardly achieve anything great
D.nothing has been done to help children in institutional care
67---70 CDAB
解析
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You can be proud of yourselves, even if you can only make one or two of these green changes. The goal here is to limit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are closely associated to the big problem of global-warming.
Strategy 1: Bring your own cup to Starbucks |
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You'll get a 10-cent discount, and it's one less paper cup to end up in a dustbin |
The store won't create more waste when they throw away a cup |
Strategy 2: Turn off your computer |
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When in standby mode, your PC is still using energy |
Turning off a monitor for 40 hours a week may only save $ 5 a month, but it reduces CO2 by 750 pounds |
Strategy 3: Reuse plastic bags |
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Instead of throwing away 100 billion plastic bags a year, try and get a second, third, or tenth use out of them. Better yet, next time you shop, try a reusable bag |
You're reducing pollution. The amount of oil it would take to make just 14 plastic bags would run your car for one mile |
Strategy 4: Use recycled paper in the bathroom |
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Most of the toilet paper we use is made from trees found in forests previously untouched by humans |
If every household replaced one roll of toilet paper with a recycled one,424,000trees would still be standing. Look for eco paper towels too |
Strategy 5: Buy energy-efficient appliances(电器) |
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Replace the old fridge with an Energy Star appliance and you'll use 15 percent less energy. It might be a little expensive to buy, but you'll save money on your electricity bills and help the environment |
If we all used one Energy Star appliance at home, it would be like planting 1.7 million acres of new trees |
Strategy 6: Plant a tree |
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Adding green to your garden is beautiful and earth-pleasing |
Just one tree will help make cleaner air and save the environment from 5, 000 pounds of hot carbon dioxide each year |
1.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Strategies to Save Money |
B.Ways to be Earth-Friendly |
C.Strategies to End Global-Warming |
D.Ways to Limit Carbon Dioxide |
2.According to the writer, what will happen if our PC is switched off when not in use?
A.It will help to save a large amount of money. |
B.It will help to reduce a great deal of CO2. |
C.It will save the amount of oil that runs your car for a mile. |
D.It will be like planting 1.7 million acres of new trees. |
3.Which strategies suggest recycling or reuse of things?
A.Strategies 1 & 3. |
B.Strategies 2 & 5. |
C.Strategies 3 & 6. |
D.Strategies 4 & 5. |
4.What benefits do these strategies have in common?
A.They all help reduce the use of energy like electricity. |
B.They all cut down the amount of the use of paper. |
C.They all result in producing less greenhouse gases. |
D.They all aid to preserve our trees and forest. |
Taiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely act of stealing or an even cheat. Either way, it could be the perfect crime, because the criminals are birds—homing pigeons !
The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: if you want the car back, pay up. Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off.
There have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind—one that avoids not only collecting money but also going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car-owner to place an advertisement in the newspaper asking for help.
The thought is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars–seems too little for a car worth many times more.
Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.
1.After the car owner received a phone call, he _______.
A.went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried |
B.gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park |
C.sent some money to the thief by mail |
D.told the press about it |
2.The “lazier and more inventive” criminal refers to _______.
A.the car thief who stays at home |
B.one of those who put the ads in the paper |
C.one of the policemen in Changwa |
D.the owner of the pigeons |
3.The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned” to show _______.
A.how easily people get fooled by criminals |
B.what Chen thinks might be correct |
C.the thief is extremely clever |
D.the money paid is too little |
4.The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ____.
A.criminals |
B.pigeons |
C.the stolen cars |
D.demands for money |
5. We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because _______.
A.he reads the ads in the newspaper |
B.he lives in the same neighborhood |
C.he has seen the car owners in the park |
D.he has trained the pigeons to follow them |