Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children's relationships with peers strongly influence their success in school, and children 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children's relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school, and children with fewer friends are more likely dropping out of school, becoming sad and other problems.

Making and Keeping Friends Is More Than Child's Play

When 6-year-old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. Though they were only separated by a weekend, the girls "ran right into each other's arms and hugged," recalls Rachel's mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. "It was like a scene from a movie."

Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child. Experts agree that friendship is not simply child's play, but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.

A Skill for Life

"Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood," says Dr. Robbie Adler-Tapia, psychologist with the Center for Children's Health & Life Development.

Researcher William Hartup states, "Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development." Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior, but rather, how well a child gets along with other children.

The work of Arizona State University proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids, so is the lack of friends detrimental.

Good Friendships Don't Just Happen

Experts agree that it is basic for children to develop high-quality friendships. But, researchers warn, these friendships don't necessarily just happen. Often, a good friendship begins with involved （卷入，牵连）parents.

Valley psychologist Dr. Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.

Bad Company

Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child's friendships. "When she was in 1st grade, her supposed 'best friend' began calling her names and threatening to hurt her," says Mindy Miller. "My daughter wasn't allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed (压跨) her spirit. I told my daughter she didn't need a 'friend' like that."

"I'll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him," Adler-Tapia says. "I don't look at it as manipulation (操纵), just positive parental involvement. "

1.The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to show that ________.

A．childhood friendship is of great benefit to their growth

B．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems

C．it is a proven（被证明的） fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life

D．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend

2.The underlined word "detrimental" could be replaced by _______.

A．valuable B．disappointing C．accurate D．harmful

3.We can learn from the passage that high-quality friendship most probably results from ______.

A．social skills and good study habits

B．school grades and classroom behaviors

C．academic success and social adaptation

D．positive parental involvement and social skills

4.From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr. Robbie Adler-Tapia agrees that ______.

A．parents should regard making friends as something that just happens

B．it's wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships

C．parents only need to help their children to deal with difficult social situations

D．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can

【答案】

1.A

2.D

3.D

4.B

【解析】

试题分析：文章介绍了童年时期的友谊对孩子的重要性，父母应该必要的参与帮助孩子建立健康的友谊。

1.推理题：从第三段的句子：Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child.可知举Rachel 和 Abbie的例子，可以说明童年时代的友谊有益于孩子的成长。选A

2.猜词题：从前面的句子：beneficial可知缺乏友谊是有害的。选D

3.细节题：从Good Friendships Don't Just Happen 这部分的内容，可知好的友谊是由于家长的参与和社交技能。选D

4.推理题：从最后一段的句子："I'll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him," 可知Dr. Robbie Adler-Tapia 认为父母支持鼓励健康的同龄人的友谊的明智的。选B

考点：考查社会现象类短文

点评：这是篇议论文，阅读本文时要注意作者组织本文的结构：引题——论据——论点，只有把握了作者的中心论点，做题时才不会偏离议论中心，文章里面引用了一些人的话，题目设置就是围绕这些不同的观点的，找到正确的句子，进行判断。

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阅读理解

　　The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted(抵制) in the market places despite their product's obvious advantages. Furthermore，the advertising expense for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the users' seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers doubt that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was supported by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often cited(引用) in the trade. Mason Haire of the University of California constructed two shopping lists that were the same except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, bread, baking powder, canned peaches, and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in fifth place on both lists, read“lib. Maxwell House coffee”on one list and“Nescafe instant coffee”on the other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman(personality and character) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on，her list was lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.

1．The result of the investigation showed that _____.

[　　]

A．women who used regular coffee were good planners

B．most of the women investigated were good at reasons

C．many women believed that wives who used instant coffee were lazy

D．housewives who used instant coffee were lazy

2．In the study, the women were supposed to give the opinions about _____.

[　　]

A．which was better, instant coffee or regular coffee

B．women's attitude towards shopping

C．the necessity of making such a shopping list

D．the personality of a woman who would prepare such a list

3．Judging by the result of the study many women were not interested in instant coffee because _____.

[　　]

A．they didn't trust advertisements

B．instant coffee was not suited to their taste

C．they wanted to show that they were intelligent

D．they had a sense of shame about using instant coffee

4．The“instant coffee”probably means _____.

[　　]

A．expensive coffee

B．coffee made up quickly for use

C．cheap coffee

D．coffee made up slowly for use

阅读理解

The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their product’s obvious advantages．Furthermore，the advertising expense for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee．Efforts were made to find the cause of the users’ seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product．The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste．The producers doubt that there might be deeper reasons，however．This was supported by one of motivation research’s classic studies，one often cited in the trade．Mason Haire of the University of California constructed two shopping lists that were the same except for one item．There were six items common to both lists：hamburger，carrots，bread，baking powder，canned peaches，and potatoes，with the brands or amounts specified．The seventh item，in fifth place on both lists，read “lib．Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other．One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women，and the other list to those in another group of the same size．The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe，as far as they could，the kind of woman(personality and character)who would draw up that shopping list．Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner．On the other hand，only one woman in the other group described the housewife，who had included regular coffee on，her list was lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner．Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife！No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee．

(1)

The result of the investigation showed that ________．
[　　]
A．	women who used regular coffee were good planners
B．	most of the women investigated were good at reasons
C．	many women believed that wives who used instant coffee were lazy
D．	housewives who used instant coffee were lazy

(2)

In the study，the women were supposed to give the opinions about ________．
[　　]
A．	which was better，instant coffee or regular coffee
B．	women’s attitude towards shopping
C．	the necessity of making such a shopping list
D．	the personality of a woman who would prepare such a list

(3)

Judging by the result of the study many women were not interested in instant coffee because ________．
[　　]
A．	they didn’t trust advertisements
B．	instant coffee was not suited to their taste
C．	they wanted to show that they were intelligent
D．	they had a sense of shame about using instant coffee

(4)

The “instant coffee” probably means ________．
[　　]
A．	expensive coffee
B．	coffee made up quickly for use
C．	cheap coffee
D．	coffee made up slowly for use

Direction：Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information given by the passage．

　　Behavioral risk factors have a great effect on cancer risk in the elderly population of the US, according to a research．About 80 percent of all cancers are diagnosed(诊断)in the elderly, and more than 80 percent of known risk factors are possibly preventable, US researchers say．

　　Igor Akushevich of Duke University in Durham, N．C．, said the main purpose of the study was to discover a way to find out the contributions of measurable risk factors to cancer risk among the elderly．More analysis is needed before the finding can actually be used．“So far, we have not come to the stage where we are able to make specific recommendations regarding risk factors,” Akushevich said in a statement．But according to the study, cigarette smoking does increase the risk of lung cancer．

　　The researchers said they were surprised at some of the findings．Cancer risk is not connected with alcohol drinking, as reported in other studies．A possible explanation may be that those aged 65 or older tend to drink moderately(适度地)．

　　“Other interesting findings are an increased risk of breast cancer for those women who are afraid to go to the doctor to have examinations and a decreased risk of breast and lung cancers for those who never lose their temper,” Akushevich said．

　　Light and moderate physical activities decrease the risk of cancer, but too much exercise may augment the risk, the study said．

　　The findings were presented at the American Association for Cancer Research's International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research．

1．Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “augment”．

2．According to the passage, what kinds of people are less likely to develop breast and lung cancer?(no more than 5 words)

3．What's the main idea of this passage?(no more than 6 words)

The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising cost for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers “seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product”. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons. However, this was confirmed by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often cited（引用）in the trade.

Mason Haire, professor of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were the same except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the bands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, read “1 Ib. Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman（“personality and character”）who would draw up（制定）that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife. No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the house-wife who intended to buy regular coffee.

53. In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover .

why people drink coffee

B. why instant coffee was successful

C. why regular coffee was successful

D. the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee

54. This investigation indicates that .

50 percent of housewives are lazy

B. housewives who use instant coffee are lazy

C. many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazy

D. wives who use regular coffee are good planners

55. On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a .

lazy housewife using regular coffee

B. hard-working housewife using instant coffee

C. lazy housewife using instant coffee

D. man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee

56. It is implied but not stated that .

A. Despite its advantages, most people dislike instant coffee because of its taste.

B. The advertising cost for instant coffee was greater than for regular coffee.

C. Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing things.

D. Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy.

53. In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover .

why people drink coffee

B. why instant coffee was successful

C. why regular coffee was successful

D. the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee

54. This investigation indicates that .

50 percent of housewives are lazy

B. housewives who use instant coffee are lazy

C. many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazy

D. wives who use regular coffee are good planners

55. On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a .

lazy housewife using regular coffee

B. hard-working housewife using instant coffee

C. lazy housewife using instant coffee

D. man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee

56. It is implied but not stated that .

A. Despite its advantages, most people dislike instant coffee because of its taste.

B. The advertising cost for instant coffee was greater than for regular coffee.

C. Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing things.

D. Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy.

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