题目内容
【题目】 Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art. Few businesses can run nowadays without computers. 【1】 Researchers from Princeton University conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes on a lecture. 【2】 Participants were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and again a week later. And handwriting emerged as the champion.
【3】 The typers had a significant edge when it came to note-taking efficiency. The typers could copy down significantly many more words than the writers, sometimes even transcribing the contents of the lecture word-for-word.
But while more of the lecture's content was retained (保留) on paper when typing, it wasn’t necessarily retained in participants’ heads. 【4】 On the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more conceptual questions.
As for the later quiz, the results were similar. Students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas. 【5】
A.The tests that the participants took proved this.
B.The efficiency of handwriting might best benefit you.
C.That’s not to say that typing doesn't have its benefits.
D.In this study, the laptops were only used to take notes.
E.Generally speaking, typing also has its own disadvantages.
F.But what are we losing as handwriting loses its significance in society?
G.Clearly, writing by hand is one of the things that can make you smarter.
【答案】
【1】F
【2】D
【3】C
【4】A
【5】G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。书法正迅速成为一种濒临消亡的艺术。现在没有计算机几乎没有企业能经营。而普林斯顿大学的研究人员进行了一项研究，以证明在课堂上写笔记和打笔记的学生之间的区别。研究发现打字者并不一定能记住课堂内容，而手写笔记的学生仍然能够记住并理解讲课的概念，对理解新思想也更开放。
【1】根据上文Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art. Few businesses can run nowadays without computers.可知，书法正迅速成为一种濒临消亡的艺术。现在没有计算机几乎没有企业能经营。由此可知，本句承接上文说明书法在社会中的消失引发人们反思，故F选项“但是，随着书法在社会中的重要性消失，我们又失去了什么呢？”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【2】根据上文Researchers from Princeton University conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes on a lecture.可知，普林斯顿大学的研究人员进行了一项研究，以证明在课堂上写笔记和打笔记的学生之间的区别。由此可知，笔记本电脑打出笔记和手写笔记在进行研究，为了证明二者之间的区别，笔记本电脑应当是只能用来打字，才能凸显出二者的区别。故D选项“在这项研究中，笔记本电脑只是用来做笔记”符合上下文语境，故选D。
【3】根据后文The typers had a significant edge when it came to note-taking efficiency.可知，打字员在记笔记效率方面有明显的优势。由此可知，本段是在说明打字的好处。故C选项“这并不是说打字没有好处”符合上下文语境，故选C。
【4】根据后文On the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more conceptual questions.可知，在讲座结束后30分钟的测试中，打字者和写作者在关于讲座基本内容的问题上表现得差不多，但在更概念化的问题上，打字者就落后了。由此可知，参与的测试者证明了上文“打字者的大脑不一定能记住课堂上的内容”这一观点。故A选项“参与者参加的测试证明了这一点”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【5】根据上文Students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas.可知，一个星期过去了，手写笔记的学生仍然能够记住并理解讲课的概念。这些参与者对理解新思想也更开放。由此可知，本句在进行总结，论述手写可以让人头脑更聪明。故G选项“显然，手写可以让你变得更聪明”符合上下文语境，故选G。
【题目】请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Many of today's young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that’s true, but none more important than a failed system of education that avoids teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called 'decision-making', was introduced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced 'character education', which didn't ask children to reinvent the moral wheel, but encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self- control.
Decision-making curriculums pose ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are based on people's own ideas. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they've never acquired in the first place. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion.
This kind of confusion further encouraged by values-education programs that are little more than courses in self-worth. These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who always believes in and accepts himself will conclude that he or she can't do anything bad.
It is time to throw 'decision-making' and 'none-judgementalism' into the rubbish heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it, but by practicing it.
Children Must Be Taught to Distinguish Right from Wrong
Problem | Many young people find it 【1】 to see their actions in a moral way. |
Reason | Replacing character education, the decision-making approach does not teach children 【2】 morality but emphasizes subjective judgment on right and wrong. |
Consequences | ● 【3】 decision-making curriculums were meant to give students the chance to 【4】good moral conclusions by themselves, they make students 【5】 confused, due to the 【6】 of criteria on what's right and wrong. ● Values-education programs 【7】 students' moral confusion. Those with self-acceptance will make the assumption that they can't do anything wrong. ● Public education based on decision-making approach, which 【8】 to guide youngsters on the right track, fuels the explosion of serious 【9】 problems. |
Solution | An immediate shift back to character education is needed. Moral formation can be achieved by means of 【10】. |