If you’re planning on traveling, there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey. First of all, always check and double-check departure time. It is amazi 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

.
第四部分：任务型阅读 (10分)
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
Speaking in public is most people's least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all afraid of making fools of ourselves. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become. In fact, public speaking is not a "gift" like musical talent. Anybody who can talk can speak in public. Here are some of the lessons I have learned:
Try to make your idea clear and brief. If you can't express what you intend to get across in a sentence or two, and then your speech is not focused well enough. If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to say, your audience will make no sense. After all, what you can impress your audience in your speech is one or two of your main ideas. One or two. Not ten or twenty.
No matter how long or short your speech is, you've got to organize it well-how you are going to open, what major points you want to make and how you're going to close. A strong close is critical: the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember. When I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first. When you know where you' re headed, you can choose any route to get there.
Finally, you'd better limit the time of your speech as properly as you can to hold the audience's curiosity. Take a vaudeville act (杂耍) for example. The standard length of one is usually 12 minutes. Just imagine how you are feeling if you have been watching all the performers singing and dancing their hearts out for more than the standard time

Title: How to make a 71 speech
Techniques	Reasons	Requirements
Keep it brief and clear	You should 72 your speech well enough.	Prepare one or two of your main ideas.
	The audience will not catch you well if your idea is 73
Get your speech well _74	Knowing where you are going, you can make a better 75 of the route to get there.	Know very well about the 76 , body and ending of the speech
Keep your speech time _77	Your speech should not be too long so as to make your audience 78	Limit the time of your speech in a 79 way.
	If you don't, the audience will be _80 .

For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies----and other creatures----learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drive” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Paousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on a display of lights---- and indeed that they were able to learn quite complicated turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a primary human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
72.According to the author, babies learn to do things which ____.
A. are directly related to pleasure          B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success          D. will satisfy their curiosity
73.Papousek noticed in the studies that a baby ____.
A. would make learned response when it saw the milk
B. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C. would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D. would turn its head to right or life when it had enough to drink
74.In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____.
A. have the lights turned on              B. be rewarded with milk
C. please their parents                   D. be praised
75.According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving is a reflection of ____.
A. a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C. their strong desire to solve complex problem
D. an important human urge to display their learned skills

The Museum of Childhood is spread over 4 floors, with the first floor acting like a balcony around the edge of the building, so you can look down over the ground floor central hall with the shop, Information Desk and Benugo Café.

The museum of Childhood is housed in a large Victorian building in east London. It has been on this site since 1872. It has undergone refurbishment (翻新) and reopened in 2006 and an elevator now makes all floors accessible.

This is not a quiet place and children are allowed to have fun here. Child safety is extremely important and a member of staff remains by the front door at all times. Also, note the “Code of Behavior” notice, which includes: children under 12 must be supervised by an adult; no eating in the galleries and no running.
Toy exhibits are in glass cases and there are plenty of low-level exhibits for younger children to see. The glass cases have lots of thought-inspiring questions on them to encourage discussion between adults and children. When you or the children need some quiet time, there are sofas at either end of the second floor with reading books available.
Pros: Many free activities for kids
Cons: Can be too warm inside

Visit Duration: 1.5 hours

Opening Hours: 10:00 a.m. – 5:45 p.m. Last admission is 5:30 p.m.

The Museum is closed on 25 and 26 December and 1 January every year.

Admission: Admission the Museum is free. There is a small charge for some activities.
48. In the Museum of Childhood, _______.
A.people can reach any floor by elevator    B.there are sofas at either end of the first floor
C. there are exhibits on the museum history   D.the Information Desk can be found on each floor
49. The Museum of Childhood may be attractive to _______.
A. parents who only have children under 12
B. children who are fond of toy exhibits
C. parents and children who need quiet time
D. kids who like playing games with their parents
50. What is the disadvantage of the museum?
A. Low-level exhibits are too boring.       B. Children may feel slightly hot in it.
C. Parents have to stay with their kids.      D. No staff members attend to the kids.
51. What information can we get about the museum?
A.All the activities for children are free.
B.The museum is located in west London.
C.Children are allowed to enter after 5:30.
D.The museum is unavailable on Christmas Day.

Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook from scratch? Have you been doing internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can't you be bothered to do?
A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of adults are so lazy they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.
Just over 2000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britain's largest health charity. The results were astonishing.
About one in six people surveyed said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.
More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.
This led the report to conclude that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school.
Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said: "People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently their pets too.
"If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most rudimentary of tasks."
And Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most inactive city in the UK, with 75% surveyed admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.
The results cause serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.
71. What causes children in the UK to be obese?
A. Eating ready meal            B. Watching TV
C. Doing Internet shopping      D. Being lazy
72. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. British people are too lazy to do anything.
B. Internet shopping will do harm to your health.
C. Many people would not run to catch a bus in Britain.
D. People should be more active and take regular exercise to keep fit.
73. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?
A. One sixth of British people use remote control when watching TV.
B. People will benefit not only themselves but their families by getting fit.
C. Fatness can cause diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
D. More people get obesity-related illnesses now than 40 years ago.
74. What does the underlined word rudimentary most probably mean?
A. basic          B. serious       C. vital       D. hard
75. All the following are among the most lazy cities in the UK except ___________.
A. Glasgow    B. Birmingham      C. Nuffield     D. Southampton

IV.阅读理解（共17小题；每小题２分，满分34分）
Like cats, geckos（壁虎）always land on their feet. If they happen to fall from a wall or leaf they’ve been climbing, a quick move of the tail makes sure that they always land on their feet first, a new study finds.
Geckos are truly built for climbing: their feet have hairy toes that can fix themselves to a wall or other vertical（竖直的）surfaces. However, geckos’ feet can’t always keep hold and they may fall to the ground. When geckos fall or jump off a wall, they always land stomach-side down. Geckos’ long tails become necessary during their falls, the new study shows.
Researchers did an experiment. They placed geckos up-side-down on the underside of a leaf. When they lost their foothold and fell, the geckos pitched （倾斜）their tails for balance. They then rotated（旋转）their tails to make their bodies rotate. As soon as they were right-side up, they stopped rotating. On average, it only took the geckos about a tenth of a second to right themselves so that they would land on their feet.
Cats use a different way to land on their feet after a fall. As their tails don’t have the power like geckos’ tails, cats can’t use them to right themselves. Instead they twist their bodies around mid-air.
Engineers are trying to build a robot that imitates the geckos’ climbing ability. A tail will be fixed to the robot to allow it to keep balance.
54. What do we know about geckos?
A. Their toes make it possible for them to walk on walls.
B. Their tails can fix them to a wall or other vertical surfaces.
C. They often land on their backs when they jump off walls.
D. It takes them a second to right themselves in mid-air.
55. How do cats avoid their injury during a fall?
A. By twisting their bodies.                 B. By fixing their toes to the ground.
C. By using their tails to right themselves.        D. By landing upside-down.
56. Geckos’ special abilities have given engineers some new ideas to _________.
A. allow robots to climb vertical surfaces
B. reproduce geckos like robots
C. invent robots that can rotate on the ground
D. invent robots that can balance themselves using their tails
57. What is the text mainly talking about?
A. The interesting living habits of geckos.   B. The differences between cats and geckos.
C. Why geckos always land on their feet.      D. How geckos climb up vertical walls.

Watching television more than two hours a day early in life can lead to attention problems later in adolescence, according to a study released on Tuesday.
The roughly 40 percent increase in attention problems among heavy TV viewers was observed in both boys and girls. The link was established by a long-term study of the habits and behaviors of more than 1,000 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1972 and March 1973.
The children aged 5 to 11 watched an average of 2.05 hours of weekday television. From age 13 to 15, time spent in front of the tube rose to an average of 3.1 hours a day.
"Those who watched more than two hours, and particularly those who watched more than three hours, of television per day during childhood had above-average symptoms of attention problems in adolescence," Carl Landhuis of the University of Otago in Dunedin wrote in his report, published in the journal Pediatrics.
Young children who watched a lot of television were more likely to continue the habit as they got older, but even if they did not the damage was done, the report said.
"This suggests that the effects of childhood viewing on attention may be long lasting," Landhuis wrote.
Landhuis offered several possible explanations for the association.
One was that the rapid scene changes common to many TV programs may over stimulate（刺激）the developing brain of a young child, and could make reality seem boring by comparison. "Hence, children who watch a lot of television may become less tolerant of slower-paced and more mundane tasks, such as school work," he wrote.
It was also possible that TV viewing may supplant other activities that promote concentration, such as reading, games, sports and play, he said.
Previous studies have linked the sedentary固定不动的）habit of TV watching among children to obesity and diabetes, and another study in the same journal cited the poor nutritional content of the overwhelming majority of food products advertised on the top-rated US. children's television shows.
Up to 98 percent of the TV ads promoting food products that were directed at children aged 2 through 11 "were high in either fat, sugar, or sodium," wrote Lisa Powell of the University of Illinois in Chicago.
56. The recent survey shows that _________.
A. watching TV can cause all kinds of diseases for children
B. TV sets have played an important part in our daily lives
C. Watching TV over 2 hours a day early in life can cause attention problems later in adolescence
D. watching TV has side effects on children’s future
57. People used to think that _________.
A. watching TV more than 2 hours every day did good to children’s health
B. the sedentary habit of TV watching among children could easily lead to obesity and diabetes
C. the children wasn’t patient with their homework because of watching TV too much
D. it was very important for children to watching TV early in life
58. The underlined word “Hence” means _________.
A. In that case B. And yet C. On the contrary D. For this reason
59. In Landhuis’ opinion, _________.
A. attention problems caused by watching TV during childhood may be hard to get rid of
B. how to develop children’s attention problems is a lasting problem
C. the key of settling attention problems is not watching TV too much
D. there shouldn’t have many food products ads on children's television shows

试题分类