题目内容

书面表达

假设你是李华，上个月去英国参加了一次夏令营活动，活动期间一直住在Mr. Smith家中。他们给你提供了很多帮助，请写一封感谢信表达对他们的感谢。

内容要点：1. 感谢Smith夫妇；

2. 你的感受；

3. 邀请Smith夫妇来华旅游。

注意: 1. 词数：100字左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith,

How are you doing?

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

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On a Saturday morning earlier this September, the world got its first look at the Strati. This electric vehicle is unlike any other currently on the road. It rolls on four wheels, but its body and chassis(底盘) weren’t built in a factory. Instead, Strati’s designers used a technology called 3-D printing. It created those parts of the car in one piece, from the ground up.

“Compared to a typical vehicle on the road, the Strati definitely looks different,” says Greg Schroeder, a senior research engineer at the Center for Automotive Research in Ann Arbor, Mich. He did not work on the new car. His organization studies trends and changes in the auto industry.

It took 44 hours to print the new car at the International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago. Over the next few days, the car’s designers installed additional parts. These included the car’s engine, brakes and tires. Then, early on September 13, Jay Rogers climbed into the car, started its engine and drove the vehicle onto the street. Rogers helped found Local Motors. It’s the Arizona-based company behind the Strati. Two weeks later, his team printed a second Strati, and just as fast, at a fair in New York City.

Justin Fishkin, a local Motors official, sees the Strati as a window into the future. Today, car buyers are limited in their choice of a vehicle. They can order only what car companies have already designed. But in the future, he says, you may be able to design your own car online and then get it printed to order.

Manufacturing experts say 3-D printing has begun to revolutionize how they make things. The technology has been around for decades. But these machines used to be so expensive that only large companies could afford them. In the last few years, though, that has changed. Many of the machines are now inexpensive enough for small companies—or even individuals —to own. Some local libraries make them available to the public. High Schools are beginning to use them in classrooms. Wide access to these printers means people can now design and print a wide variety of new things.

The car’s printer is a one-of-a-kind device.

The technology behind the 3-D printer used in Chicago is an example of additive manufacturing. This process builds solid objects, slice by slice, from the bottom up. (“Strati” means layers, in Italian.) A mechanical arm moves a nozzle from one side to another, back and forth. As it moves, the nozzle deposits a liquid—often melted plastic or metal (but it could be food, concrete or even cells) —that quickly hardens or bonds to become solid or semi-solid. This creates a single, thin layer. Once a layer is complete, the printer starts depositing the next one.

“There’s a lot of interest in 3-D printing in the auto industry,” says Schroeder. Right now, the technology is particularly useful for building models of cars or car parts.

To compete with current auto manufacturers, the 3-D printer would have to increase in a hurry, Schroeder says. By contrast, he notes, a Ford F-150 pickup truck rolls off an assembly line at a rate of roughly one per minute. To print as many Stratis would require many more printers. Schroeder says he doesn’t see 3-D printing soon taking over for such high-volume manufacturing. But, he adds, “Who knows what will happen in the long term?”

Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee designed the 3-D printer used in Chicago. Lonnie Love, a research scientist at the lab, led the effort.

Additive manufacturing often is slow and expensive. It also may produce materials that are unreliable, Love says. So for two years, his team searched for ways to make 3-D printing better. They built new machines and tested them over and over.

All of that work paid off: their new machine is fast and uses less expensive material than earlier printers. In addition, it prints a plastic embedded with fibers of carbon to produce a stronger material. This helps ensure the material won’t crack or break under pressure.

1.Which of the following statements about the first Strati is TRUE?

A. It was born in a car factory in Chicago.

B. All parts of it were not made by using a technology called 3-D technology.

C. It is a pity that it has not run on the street so far.

D. Many senior research engineers worked on it, including Greg Schroeder.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 5?

A. Large companies are always rich enough to buy expensive things.

B. Now High Schools are beginning to use 3-D printers in classrooms.

C. Wide access to 3-D printers has made it possible for people to order novel things online.

D. High prices of new products can stop them from being used widely in the beginning.

3.What does the word “nozzle” in Paragraph 7 possibly refer to?

A. A single, thin layer.

B. A part of the 3-D printer.

C. A solid or semi-solid object.

D. A person who operates the machine.

4. Why did Lonnie Love make efforts to improve 3-D printing with his team?

A. Because additive manufacturing might produce unreliable materials.

B. Because he just was interested in making new things.

C. Because he just wanted to build new machines and test them

D. Because additive manufacturing is always slow but inexpensive.

5.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A. 3-D Printers Are Coming

B. 3-D Printers Are Becoming Well- Known

C. 3-D Printers Are Becoming Cheaper

D. 3-D Printers Are Making Cars

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Picking a university is a tense period of asking yourself which institution is most relevant. That's why university rankings play such a vital role in students searching for their next academic direction. Rankings are also an inescapable part of the reputation and brand image of universities. "No university website is complete without the claim to be in the top 100 for something or other," reported the BBC. The reason is simple: Rankings help them to attract students, staff and research investment.

Currently there are numbers of university rankings, and each has its own list of standards. But the main standards are the same: academic reputation, graduates' performance and faculty(教师) resources.

However, experts point out the ranking process isn't entirely reliable. Mark Kantrowitz, a US financial aid researcher, said university rankings were mostly just for show. He wrote in The New York Times. “It may give your parents better bragging(炫耀) rights, but that's about it.”

Moreover, it's not difficult to see the limitations of university rankings. Many rankings focus on the number of times research work is cited (引用) by other researchers. It helps British and US universities to dominate (支配) global rankings because English is the favored language of academia, John O'Leary, a member of the QS academic advisory board, told The Guardian.

Also, rankings such as QS mainly focus on the qualities of the university rather than its students. “Any university ranking is likely to help students make better decisions about where to study, but the need to balance them with other more human factors is also important,” said Phil Moss, an education and admissions consultant.“Advice from graduates or current students can be as valuable in providing a genuine insight(洞察) into the experience or quality of a particular degree program. It can also add an element that rankings can never convey---the actual emotion of a university experience.”

1.Why do universities consider rankings important?

A. Rankings make them more appealing.

B. Rankings are students' only reference.

C. Rankings can increase their academic level.

D. Rankings help them complete their websites.

2.What does the underlined "It" in paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Academic research work.

B. The number of researches.

C. The way of ranking universities.

D. The limitation of university ranking.

3.According to John O'Leary, what helps British and US universities rank well?

A. The wide use of English in academia.

B. Their outstanding qualities.

C. Their graduates' excellent performance.

D. The academia's favor to them.

4.Besides ranking, what does Phil Moss suggest you should refer to if you're picking a university?

A. Investment in education.

B. Guidance from professors.

C. Information on websites.

D. Suggestions from students.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Ransom Myers of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia warned, using solid science and careful analysis, of the dangers of overfishing. He didn’t mince words and he wasn’t afraid to report bad news. As the Guelph Mercury reported, the 54-year-old biologist, originally from Mississippi, was known for his research and warnings about the extinction of marine life around the world.

He developed a passion for marine protection during his days in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, where he worked for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans at a time when the industry was watching the collapse (崩溃) of the cod (鳕鱼) fishery. He became, says the Guelph Mercury, a lone, unpopular voice in the discussion about the cause of the collapse, insisting overfishing was the main factor. The world was spending its energy fighting over the few fish left instead of cutting catch limits before it was too late.
He warned governments, the fishing industry and consumers, that unless commercial fishing was reduced, many large marine species would become extinct, leading to economic disruptions, food shortages, and lasting damage to marine ecosystems. He said his conclusions were shocking because people had lost sight of the true effect of the declines and they did not look back far enough in history. In other words, he said, “We’ve forgotten how big fish used to be and how many of them once lived in the sea.”

1.Ransom Myers was known for his scientific work in _____.

A. physics B. chemistry C. biology D. economics

2.The underlined sentence “He didn’t mince words” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_____”.

A. He always kept his promises

B. He was spoken highly of by his workmates

C. He was not good at giving lectures

D. He said exactly what he thought

3.Which of the following is NOT true about Ransom Myers?

A. He became interested in marine protection when the cod fishery was in danger of collapse.

B. He wrote a book about the history of marine protection.

C. He suggested that commercial fishing should be reduced.

D. Many people turned a deaf ear to his warnings about the dangers of overfishing.

4.According to Ransom Myers, the reason why people found his conclusions shocking was that _____.

A. they didn’t have a good knowledge of the living habits of fish

B. they could still catch a great many big cod

C. they didn’t know the great differences between the present and the past marine fishery

D. they thought his research was not based on a detailed analysis

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Most drinks stating that they are fruit-flavored (水果味道的) contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission.

“Shoppers need to check the labels (标签) before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be non-existent,” said Food Commission spokesperson Ian Tokelove. “Food production is highly competitive. 1. It will increase profits, and consumers won’t always realize they are being tricked.”

Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors. Researchers analyzed the contents of 38 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores. 2. Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit. In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar.

3. Let’s take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.

4. Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought. Under current UK law, food packages do not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. “Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packet with pictures of strawberries is misleading. 5. Unfortunately, it is also legal and widespread,” Tokelove said. “It’s time to take measures to protect the consumers’ rights.”

A. The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.

B. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.

C. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.

D. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.

E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.

F. They found that about 60 percent of them didn’t contain any fruit at all.

G. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.

A machine that takes sweat-laden (浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden. The machine makes the clothes turn round quickly, heats them to remove the sweat, and then passes the steam through a kind of special material to make purified water.

Since it has been brought into use, its creators say more than 1000 people have drunk others’ “sweat” in Gothenburg. They add the liquid is cleaner than local tap water.

The device was built for the United Nations’ child-focused charity UNICEF to promote a campaign highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water.

The machine was designed and built by the engineer Andreas Hammar, known locally for his appearances on TV tech show “Mekatronik”. He said the key part of the sweat machine was a new water purification part developed by a company named HVR.

“It uses a technique called membrane distillation (膜蒸馏),” he told the BBC. “We use a special kind of material that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria, salts, clothing fibers and other things out. They have something similar to the International Space Station, but our machine is cheaper to build. The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is, but one person’s T-shirt typically produces 10ml, about a mouthful.”

The device has been put on show at the Gothia Cup-the world’s largest international youth football tournament. Mattias Ronge, chief executive of Stockholm-based advertising agency Deportivo, said the machine had helped raise awareness for UNICEF, but in reality had its limitations.

“People haven’t produced as much sweat as we hoped – right now the weather in Gothenburg is lousy,” Mattias Ronge said. “So we’ve equipped the machine with exercise bikes and volunteers are cycling like crazy. Even so, the demand for sweat is greater than the supply. And the machine will never be produced in large numbers, since there are better solutions out there such as water purifying pills.”

1. Which of the following is the disadvantage of the sweat machine?

A. It takes too long for the machine to produce water.

B. It costs a large amount of money to build the machine.

C. The amount of water the machine produces is rather limited.

D. The water processed by the machine is not clean enough.

2. UNICEF is mentioned in the text to ________.

A. show how the sweat machine works

B. tell us who invented the sweat machine

C. show the importance of the United Nations

D. explain why the sweat machine was invented

3. What did Mattias Ronge think of the sweat machine?

A. It did not work at all.

B. It was not worth popularizing.

C. It could only be used in summer.

D. The water it produced tasted sweet.

4.The text is written mainly to tell us that ______________.

A. a better solution to purifying dirty water is discovered

B. 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water

C. a machine which turns sweat into drinking water is invented

D. the pill which turns dirty water into clean water is produced

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

___1. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view.

The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. 2. .

The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. 3. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment. 4.

On this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. 5. In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

A. Then a third level appeared.

B. Different people have different wants on each level.

C. There are several levels of wants in one’s life.

D. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears

E. At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure.

F. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.

G. Human wants seem endless.

完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Some adults spend a lot of time trying to stop children playing. They are usually people who think of play as being the of work and therefore a waste of time. For humans, work is a way of getting food to eat, and like humans, must spend time doing the things. Regardless of this, children playing, and so do other young animals. It is quite to keep both a small child and a young cat for hours with a piece of paper.

Hunting may be the most obvious skill in play, but it is far from being the only one. Lambs and goat kids play , although they will never anything other than some grass. But for these young animals too, is an important part of learning. Sheep and goats are hill and mountain animals. Running and skipping exercise young legs and develop a strong sense of that will keep them safe on the steepest rocks. animals play, is not so different. trees and catching flies are not the most obvious training for the adult world, but the flexibility in these activities is similar to that required of a bus driver or businessman.

What we know about animals shows us that playing is a very good way of , so maybe one of the best ways for to learn is also by playing. Children find playing is fun, but notice that they are also learning at the same time. Most people continue to play games long after they have become , and perhaps that is because we rely so much on our to learn.

1.A. reward B. opposite C. basis D. nature

2.A. animals B. children C. parents D. cats

3.A. same B. ordinary C. dull D. chief

4.A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. ignore

5.A. possible B. necessary C. reasonable D. difficult

6.A. annoyed B. alarmed C. amazed D. amused

7.A. kept B. practiced C. tested D. required

8.A. endlessly B. clumsily C. crazily D. aggressively

9.A. hunt B. plant C. learn D. catch

10.A. jump B. work C. play D. walk

11.A. strangely B. initially C. naturally D. equally

12.A. direction B. space C. distance D. balance

13.A. Based on B. Compared with C. Inspired by D. Developed form

14.A. Climbing B. Growing C. Watering D. Cutting

15.A. reduced B. allowed C. damaged D. needed

16.A. learning B. exercising C. improving D. growing

17.A. adults B. creatures C. humans D. students

18.A. generally B. hardly C. possibly D. truly

19.A. mature B. wise C. athletic D. strong

20.A. flexibility B. liberty C. responsibility D. curiosity

I am a music store owner. One day, when I was cleaning the instruments in my store, I saw an old man come in. His short steps dragged on the carpet. “Is 77 too old to learn the banjo (班卓琴)?” he asked.

“You can learn to play it well,” I replied, holding back my doubts. My mind told me I was giving false encouragement. I reached the instructor’s schedule and gave the rates, the available time and the additional information that he would need. To my surprise and delight, the old man, Carl, began banjo lessons three days later with my most patient teacher.

With nothing to do at home but practice, Carl made surprising progress. After breakfast he practiced for his required half hour. While waiting for lunch he picked up his banjo again for just a couple of minutes. Since TV was difficult for him to see and hear, he often played the banjo in the evenings. Carl was always early for lessons so it was a surprise that he didn’t arrive one Tuesday.

The next morning I listened to the answering machine with sadness. “Carl’s in hospital,” the voice recorded.

Two months later, I shared the newspaper obituary with the banjo teacher. We both shed tears for a surprisingly clever banjo student.

Several months later, a woman came into the store carrying a plant. “This is for Carl’s banjo teacher,” she said. “I’m his wife, Mary.”

“Why did Carl want to play the banjo?” I asked. Mary took a deep breath and let it out slowly. “Carl was at some show when he was 10 years old. He came close to the stage to watch the performers. When they were packing up their instruments, the banjo player said to Carl, ‘You want to see this up close?’ Carl climbed up on the stage and from then on he wanted to play the banjo.” Carl had waited 67 years to realize a dream! Mary gave the plant to Carl’s banjo teacher. “Thank you for the best six months of his life,” she said.

1.How did Carl learn to play the banjo well?

A. By taking short cuts.

B. By working hard.

C. By asking his wife to help him.

D. By finding the best teacher.

2.From Paragraph 2, we can know the author ______.

A. encouraged Carl though he had doubts

B. was giving true encouragement

C. didn’t want to encourage Carl

D. was unwilling to help Carl

3.The underlined word “obituary” in Para.5 means a notice that _______.

A. announces a good piece of news

B. announces somebody is needed

C. announces somebody has died

D. announces a gift for somebody

4.Why did Carl want to learn banjo?

A. He wanted to become a banjo performer.

B. He wanted to make his dream of his young age come true.

C. His wife encouraged him to learn it.

D. He wanted to spend the last best six months of his life.

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