题目内容

C

When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure--and so soon--that another ant is dead.

One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead--take me away” when it is dead.

One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.

But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait— I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.

To test his theory, Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.

Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.

1.What is the function of the first paragraph?

A. Leading the following paragraphs.

B. Showing the main idea of the passage.

C. Introducing the background of the passage.

D. Giving a summary of the passage.

2.Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?

A. is weaker than          B. is stronger than    C. is better than                     D. is worse than

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving.

B. When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical.

C. A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical.

D. Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other.

4.Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?

A. Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.

B. Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.

C. Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory.

D. Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own.

 

【答案】

 

1.A

2.B

3.B

4.C

【解析】

试题分析：

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章讲述了蚂蚁是怎样得知蚂蚁死了，然后把它弄出蚂蚁洞的。文章通过实验研究得知：在死去蚂蚁的身体外面发出一种化学物质，告诉其他蚂蚁“它已经死了”。

1.A考查作者的写作意图。文章的第一段提出问题吸引读者，并引出下文科学家要解决的问题。所以第一段起的是统领全文的作用。故选A。

2.B考查猜测词义。根据文章第四段中的When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants.可知，当“I'm not dead”的化学物质超过“I'm dead”的化学物质时，其他蚂蚁才不理这些蚂蚁。故此处overrides是“强于，超过”的意思。选B。

3.B考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.可知，蚂蚁死后有一种化学物质给其他蚂蚁发出信号告诉它们“它已经死了”。故选B。其他三项与文章内容不符。

4.C考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.可知，Choe先提出理论，然后证实了他的理论。故选C。

考点：考查科普类文章。

 

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相关题目

How many coins have you got in your pocket right now? Three? Two? or One?

With a phonecard you can make up to 200 calls without any change at all.

   1. What do you do with it?

Go to a telephone box marked “Phonecard”. Put in your card to start, make your call and when you have finished, a screen tells you how much is left on your card.

It costs no extra for the cards, and the calls cost 10p per unit, the same as any other pay-phone call.

You can buy them in units of 10, 20, 40, 100 or 200.

   2. Now appearing in a shop near you

Near each phonecard place you will find a shop where you can buy one. They’re at bus, train and city tube stations.

At many universities, hospitals and clubs, restaurants and gas stations on the highway and shopping centers.

At airports and seaports.

    3. No more broken payphones

Most broken payphones are like that because they’ve been damaged. There are no coins in a cardphone to excite thieves’ interest in it. So you’re not probably to find a broken one.

Get a phonecard yourself and try it out. Or get a bigger wallet.

1.The passage is most probably          .

         A．a warning                    B．a notice

         C．an advertisement             D．an announcement

2.There are three sections in the passage. Which one do you think is about why phonecards are good?

           A．Section 1  B．Section 2.   C．Section 3.    D．none.

3.Which statement of the following is right by inference（推断）?

           A．Using a phonecard will cost you less money than payphone call.

           B．Phonecards are easier to carry.

           C．If a thief steals your phonecard, he can’t use it any more.

           D．When you finish your call, take out your card first and then you will see how many calls you can still make.

 

Ⅲ. 阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节    阅渎理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It all began with a stop at a red light.

Philanthropy Kevin Salwen, a writer and entrepreneur in Atlanta, was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Hannah, back from a sleepover in 2006. While waiting at a traffic light, they saw a black Mercedes coupe on one side and a homeless man begging for food on the other.

“Dad, if that man had a less nice car, that man there could have a meal,” Hannah protested. The light changed and they drove on, but Hannah was too young to be reasonable. She pestered (纠缠) her parents about inequity, insisting that she wanted to do something.

“What do you want to do?” her mom responded. “Sell our house?”

Warning! Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager. Hannah seized upon the idea of selling the luxurious family home and donating half the money to charity, while using the other half to buy a more modest replacement home.

Eventually, that’s what the family did. The project — crazy, impetuous (鲁莽) and utterly inspiring — is written down in detail in a book by father and daughter scheduled to be published next month: “The Power of Half.” It’s a book that, frankly, I’d be nervous about leaving around where my own teenage kids might find it. An impressionable child reads this, and the next thing you know your whole family is out on the street.

At a time of enormous needs in Haiti and elsewhere, when so many Americans are trying to help Haitians by sending everything from text messages to shoes, the Salwens offer an example of a family that came together to make a difference — for themselves as much as the people they were trying to help. In a column a week ago, I described neurological（神经学的） evidence from brain scans that unselfishness lights up parts of the brain normally associated with more primary satisfaction such as food and sex. The Salwens’ experience confirms the selfish pleasures of selflessness.

Mr. Salwen and his wife, Joan, had always assumed that their kids would be better off in a bigger house. But after they downsized, there was much less space to retreat to, so the family members spent more time around each other. A smaller house unexpectedly turned out to be a more family-friendly house.

41. The best title of the passage should be__________.

A. The less , the better.             B. An unexpected satisfaction

C. Something we can live without    D. Somewhat crazy but inspiring

42. What does the word “inequity” most probably mean in the sentence?

A. unfairness     B. satisfaction      C. personal attitude    D. reasonable statement

43.The sentence “An impressionable child reads this, and the next thing you know your whole family is out on the street.” means _____.

A. When an unreasonable child reads the book, their house will disappear.

B. When an unreasonable child reads the book, he will ask his parents to sell their house.

C. When an unreasonable child reads this, the whole family will enjoy themselves in the street.

D. The child who likes to express himself will ask the whole family to enjoy the book outside.

44.Which of the following statements is true?

A. Mercedes coupe is only an ordinary car which is quite cheap.

B. Hannah asked her parents to do something charitable and they sold their house.

C. Unselfishness has nothing to do with people’s primary satisfaction.

D. Hannah’s parents felt regretted having sold the big house.

45.“Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager.” means__________.

A. Never give a quick answer to an idealistic teenager.

B. Don’t respond to a child’s demands firmly without consideration.

C. Give an answer if the child is reasonable.

D. Unless the child is realistic otherwise never give an answer immediately

Several years ago, my parents, my wife, my son and I ate at a restaurant. After a wonderful dinner, the waiter set the check in the middle of the table. That’s when it happened: my father did not reach for the check. Conversation continued. Finally I realized that I should pick up the check! After hundreds of restaurant meals with my parents, after a lifetime of thinking of my father as the one with dollars, it had all changed. I paid the meal, and my view of myself suddenly changed. I was an adult. I was no longer a kid.
　　Some people mark off（区分）their lives in years, I measure mine in small events. I didn’t become a young man at a particular age, like 16, but rather when a kid who wandered in the streets called me “mister.” These events in my life are called “milestones”（里程碑）.
    There have been other milestones .The policemen of my youth always seemed huge, and of course they were older than I was. Then one day they were suddenly neither. The day came when I suddenly realized that all the football players in the game I was watching were younger than I was. They were just big kids. With that milestone gone was the dream that someday, maybe I, too, could be a football player. Without ever having reached the hill ,I was over it.
　    I never thought that I would fall asleep in front of the TV set as my father did. Now it’s what I do best. I never thought that I would appreciate opera, but now the combination of voice and orchestra（乐队）attracts me. I used to think that people who watched birds were strange, but this summer I found myself watching them, and maybe I’ll get a book on the subject. I feel a strong desire for a religious belief that I never thought I’d want, and echo (模仿) my father in arguments with my son. I still lose …
　　One day I bought a house. One day ―what a day！― I became a father, and not too long after that I picked up the check for my own father. I thought then it was a milestone for me. One day, when I was a little older, I realized it was one for him too, another milestone.
60. The tone established in the passage is one of .         
    A. sad regret                B. amusement              C. deep feeling             D. happiness
61. “Then they were suddenly neither .” suggests that           .
　    A. suddenly I found myself no longer a kid.
　    B. suddenly I knew that they were neither bigger nor older than I was.
　    C. suddenly I realized that I made a mistake.
　    D. suddenly they became older than I was.

62. Which of the following best expresses the author’s thinking ？
　    A. One day is worth two tomorrows.
　    B. To save time is to lengthen life.
　    C. When an opportunity is lost ,it never comes back to you .
　    D. Time and tide wait for no man .

 

Cars are an important part of life in the United States. Without a car most people feel that they are poor. And even if a person is poor , he doesn’t feel really poor when he has a car.

Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn’t know how much the car was going to change American culture. The car made the United States a nation on wheels. And it helped make the United States what it is today.

There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United States. First of all, the country is a big one and Americans like to move around it. The car makes the travel the most comfortable and cheapest. With a car people can go to any place without spending a lot of money.

The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed a practical and cheap public travel system. Long distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the world. Now there is a good system of air-service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used often.

The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don’t like waiting for a bus, or a train or even a plane. They don’t like to have to follow an exact timetable. A car gives them the freedom to plan their own time. And this is the freedom that Americans want most to have.

Less oil has caused a big problem for Americans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real answer will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much oil.

56. We can learn from this passage that Americans ______.

A. spend a lot of money traveling by car       B. travel a lot in their cars

C. seldom travel by plane                                   D. use public traffic often

57. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. In the United States even the poor own cars.

B. In the United States all the poor have no cars.

C. When an American has a car, he will never be poor.

D. An American will feel poor unless he has a car.

58. In the writer’s opinion, cars are popular in the United States mainly because ___.

A. Americans like to plan their own time

B. The United States does not have enough public transportation

C. Americans will not feel poor when they travel in their cars

D. Americans cannot move around without their own cars

59. “A nation on wheels” in the second paragraph means that _______.

A. everyone in the United States owns a car

B. the United States produces most of the cars in the world

C. cars play an important part in American’ life

D. the United States depend on car industry for its development

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