题目内容
3.Apes and humans beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior.The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of (51)D by individuals.One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the (52)B of external objects.The argument over the ownership of any desired object---food,clothes,toys,females,and the affection of others---was sufficient reason to (53)A force.In a case of monkeys'disagreement over females.thirty females were killed.Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.
In the first place,the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the (54)C destruction of the objects of common desire.Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.
In the second place it is observable,that (55)A occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else.There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were (56)B defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child's desire.
Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes are greatly to (57)D the invading of a stranger into their group.A new child in the class may be laughed at,isolated,and disliked.A new monkey may be bitten to death.It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the (58)A species.Monkeys do not mind being (59)C by a goat or a rat.Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group.As a matter of fact,such newcomers are often (60)D.But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child,aggression often occurs.This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness.The(61)C of the newcomers is feared.The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.
Finally,another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own (62)B.A child will be stopped either by (63)A causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do,for example,sail his boat or ride the bicycle.Sometimes the activity may be (64)D because of the opposition of some adult.The child may also frustrate itself by (65)B,through lack of skill or strength,to complete successfully some desired activity.Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become"naughty".He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.
51.A.fulfillment | B.excitement | C.isolation | D.aggressiveness |
52.A.usage | B.possession | C.value | D.collection |
53.A.turn to | B.drive away | C.come over | D.make into |
54.A.moderate | B.subtle | C.complete | D.temporary |
55.A.conflict | B.negotiation | C.agreement | D.donation |
56.A.reluctantly | B.violently | C.unwillingly | D.peacefully |
57.A.ignore | B.accept | C.prove | D.hate |
58.A.similar | B.modest | C.strong | D.reliable |
59.A.observed | B.protected | C.joined | D.spoiled |
60.A.offensive | B.considerate | C.generous | D.welcomed |
61.A.strength | B.attitude | C.competition | D.emotion |
62.A.knowledge | B.activity | C.study | D.personality |
63.A.natural | B.physical | C.financial | D.academic |
64.A.enhanced | B.operated | C.extended | D.prevented |
65.A.learning | B.failing | C.imitating | D.refusing. |
分析 本文属于社会生活类的说明文.文中介绍了通过观察猿和孩子相似的行为得出了猿和人在行为上有很多共同点.文中主要分析了打架和攻击性行为发生的三个原因.猿和孩子们打架最常见的一个原因就是为了所属权.对任何渴望得到的物品的拥有权的争论都能成为动用武力的充分的理由.在某一次猴子为了雌性猴子的争斗中,30只雌性猴子被杀死.在这些为所属权的打斗中,有两点特别需要注意:首先,这种斗争会进行到如此极端的程度以致他们最终毁掉大家都想得到的物品.其二可以发现,当只有一个或另一个想要得到某一物品时,冲突常常会发生.在很多案例中当已经被抛弃的无用玩具和其他物品成为其他孩子想要得到的物品时,它们的主人会来保卫自己的所有权.另一个引发攻击的原因是猿和孩子们痛恨入侵他(它)们群体的陌生者.一个班级里新来的孩子会遭到嘲笑、孤立和讨厌.一只新来的猴子也许会被咬死.有趣的是当陌生者来自同一物种时常常会产生愤怒,但是猴子不会介意一只山羊或老鼠加入它们.孩子不会介意动物的参与.事实上,这样的新来者是受欢迎的.但是当猴子遇见新来的猴子或者孩子遇见新来的孩子,攻击往往就会发生.这表明攻击的根本原因是占有欲.害怕新来者的竞争.现有的成员觉得会有存在更多的竞争者.最后一个原因,另一个常见的打斗的根源是在自己的活动中的挫败.一个孩子或者因为糟糕的天气或者因为身体的原因不能参与他希望参与的活动.有时这种活动也许因为成年人的阻止.这个孩子也会因为不能成功地完成一些想要参与的活动感到挫败.这样的孩子在平常的意义上会变得"淘气".他会发脾气或情绪不好.
解答 51.D.本题考查名词词义辨析.fulfillment完成,实现;excitement兴奋;isolation孤立,隔离;aggressiveness 攻击性.联系文章的主题,本文主要介绍猿或孩子具有"攻击性"和打架的三个主要原因,所以答案选择D.
52.B.本题考查名词词义辨析.usage用法;possession拥有;value价值;collection收集,收藏;联系下一句"The argument over the ownership (对所有权的争论)"可以推断,猿和孩子们打架最常见的一个原因就是为了"所属权",所以本题答案选择B.
53.A.本题考查短语动词辨析.turn to 转向,求助于,诉诸;drive away赶走; come over过来,顺道来访;make into把…转变成.本题指猿或孩子们为了自己的所有权而"诉诸武力",所以答案选择A.
54.C.本题考查形容词词义辨析.moderate温和的,适中的;subtle 敏感的,微妙的;complete完全的;temporary临时的;由下一句中"玩具被拆成碎块,雌性(猴子)被杀死"可以推断,被争夺的对象被"彻底地"毁灭,所以答案选择C.
55.A.本题考查名词词义辨析.conflict冲突;negotitation协商,谈判;agreement协议; donation捐赠.本题继续讨论攻击性行为或"冲突"的另一个值得注意的一点,所以答案选择A.
56.B.本题考查副词词义辨析.reluctantly勉强地,不情愿地; violently激烈地;暴力地;unwillingly不情愿地;peacefully和平地.本句在于说明即使是自己没有用的物品一旦被他人获得就会"激烈地"争夺自己的所有权,所以答案是B.
57.D.本题考查动词词义辨析.ignore忽视; accept接受;prove证明;hate痛恨;根据下文可知,猿和孩子"不喜欢"其它同类的加入,所以答案选择D.
58.A.本题考查形容词词义辨析.similar相似的;modest谦虚的,适中的;strong强壮的;reliable可信赖的;由上文"A new monkey may be bitten to death.(新来的猴子也许会被咬死)"可以推断,有"相似的"物种出现会引起愤怒,所以答案选择A.
59.C.本题考查动词词义辨析.observe观察;protect保护;join加入;spoil变质,掠夺;根据上下文可知,猴子会介意一只新的猴子的到来,却不会介意其它物种如山羊等的"加入",所以本题答案选择C.
60.D.本题考查形容词词义辨析.offensive冒犯的;considerate体贴的,考虑周全的;generous大方的,丰厚的;welcomed受欢迎的;由上文的as a matter of fact(实际上)可以推测,这里的语义与上文的相反;上文讲的是"相似的物种"会引起"愤怒",所以判断不同的物种"受到欢迎",由此判断答案是D.
61.C.本题考查名词词义辨析.strength力气,强项;attitude 态度;competition竞争;emotion情绪.由下文"The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors (现有的成员觉得会有存在更多的竞争者)"推断他们害怕"竞争",所以答案选择C.
62.B.本题考查名词词义辨析.knowledge知识,了解;activity活动;study学校;personality个性;联系下文可知,在自己的"活动"中失败是打斗的另一根源,所以答案选择B.
63.A.本题考查形容词词义辨析.natural自然的;physical身体的;fiancial金融的;academic学业的;根据下文的"bad weather"可以推断是"自然的"原因,所以答案选择A.
64.D.本题考查动词词义辨析.enhance提升,增加;operate操作;extend延伸,伸展;prevent阻止;由下文"the opposition of some adult(某个成年人的反对)"可以判断孩子"被阻止"参与活动,所以答案选择D.
65.B.本题考查动词词义辨析.learning学习;failing失败,fail to do sth.没有能够做…;imitating模仿;refusing拒绝;本题用"failing…to complete successfully some desired activity"要表达的是"没有能成功地完成一些想要参与的活动感到挫败.",所以答案选择B.
点评 要在整体理解文章的基础上,辨析词义,做出合理的推断.

-It was not until my finance became better last December _____ I started the training.( )
A. | before; when | B. | until; that | C. | that; when | D. | since; that |
A. | predict | B. | preserve | C. | possess | D. | progress |
-The judge will ______ the case for lack of evidence.( )
A. | gain | B. | dismiss | C. | explain | D. | approve |
A. | performed | B. | seen | C. | exploded | D. | explored |
A. | envy | B. | escape | C. | engage | D. | entertain |
Sometime,his sister went ice skating,and he would go along to (23)DThere he stood.a(n)(24)C.under-grown kid,with a feeding tube inserted through his nose and down into his(25)DOne day,as he watched his sister skate on the ice,he (26)Bhis parents and said."You know,I think I'd like to(27)Cice skating."His parents looked at their life-threatened child with glances that were(28)Abelief.Well,he tried it,and he loved it,and he went at it with all his(29)DHere was something fun at which he could be good,
where(30)Cand weight weren't important.
The following year,the doctors were (31)A to discover that he had actually started growing again.It was(32)Blate for him to reach normal size,(33)Dneither he nor his family cared.He was recovering and succeeding.He believed in his(34)C
None of the kids tease him today.(35)Athey all cheer and rush to get his signature.He has completed many amazing (36)Con the world professional ice skating tour.Although he has retired from professional skating,he(37)Ba coach and mentor (指导者)(38)Aby everyone in winter sports.
At five feet three inches and 115 pounds of pure muscle and electrifying energy,former Olympic gold medal figure skating champion,Scott Hamilton stands as tall and as (39)Das any winner.Scott's size doesn't (40)Chis faith and reach.
You can stand tall,no matter how small!
21.A.recognized | B.diagnosed | C.regarded | D.looked |
22.A.disease | B.attack | C.headache | D.injury |
23.A.cheer | B.join | C.follow | D.watch |
24.A.anxious | B.patient | C.weak | D.fat |
25.A.mouth | B.lung | C.back | D.stomach |
26.A.listened to | B.turned to | C.handed to | D.pointed to |
27.A Start | B.continue | C.try | D.know |
28.A.beyond | B.over | C.behind | D.through |
29.A.money | B.body | C.strength | D.heart |
30.A.thinness | B.difficulty | C.height | D.trouble |
31.A.shocked | B.excited | C.interested | D.encouraged |
32.A.very | B.too | C.much | D.so |
33.A.so | B.if | C.and | D.but |
34.A.parents | B.doctors | C.dream | D.teachers |
35.A.Instead | B.Meanwhile | C.Fortunately | D.Anyway |
36.A.journeys. | B.jobs | C.performances. | D.presences |
37.A.returns | B.remains | C.keeps | D.thinks |
38.A respected | B.loved | C.cared | D.received |
39.A.silent | B.sad | C.shy | D.proud |
40.A.benefit | B.improve | C.limit | D.prove. |