Coal is used to producing electricity. 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

Each year, road accidents kill a million people and injure millions more . The economic costs are greatest for developing countries . Earlier this year , the United Nations called for a campaign to improve road safety .

One way to avoid accidents is better driving . Another is better roads and bridges . Engineers in the Unites States have designed ten new concrete mixtures that they think could make bridges last longer .

Professor Paul Tikalsky leads the experiments by a team at Pennsylvania State University . He says bridges made of concrete now last about twenty-five to thirty-five years . But he says the new mixtures might extend that to seventy –five or even one-hundred years .

Concrete is made of stone , sand , water and cement(水泥). The materials in the cement hold the concrete together . Ancient Romans built with concrete . Yet strengthened concrete bridges did not appear until the late 1800s . People keep looking for new ways to improve concrete . Professor Tikalsky says it is one of the most complex of all chemical systems .

The new mixtures designed by his team contain industrial waste products . He says these make the concrete better able to resist damage from water and salt over time . One of the products is fly ash . This is released into the air as pollution when coal is burned .

Professor Tikalsky says particles (颗粒)of fly ash are almost exactly the same size and chemical structure as Portland cement . This is the most costly material in concrete . So using fly ash to replace some of it would save money .

The federal government is paying for part of the research . Engineers anywhere can use the technology . Professor Tikalsky says some of the ideas have already been put to use in China , the Philippines and other countries .

Why did the United Nations launch the campaign ?

A. Because the United Nations wanted to reduce road accidents and economic costs

B. Because two million people were killed in the accidents .

C. Because engineers wanted to design ten new concrete mixtures .

D. Because the United Nations made bridges of the new mixtures which could last for about 20 to 35

years .

What does the underlined word “ this ” in the sixth paragraph refer to ?

A. Fly ash B. Portland cement C. Sand D. Chemical

Which of the following statements is TRUE ?

A. Ten new concrete bridges have already been built in the United States .

B. A new concrete bridge could last 50 more years than an ordinary concrete one .

C. People didn’t know how to build with cement until the late 1800s .

D. Water and salt won’t do any damage to bridges over time .

What does the passage mainly tell us ?

A. The causes of road accidents . B. The advantages of fly ash

C. The measures of avoiding road accidents D. Latest information about long-life concrete bridges

Each year, road accidents kill a million people and injure millions more . The economic costs are greatest for developing countries . Earlier this year , the United Nations called for a campaign to improve road safety .
One way to avoid accidents is better driving . Another is better roads and bridges . Engineers in the Unites States have designed ten new concrete mixtures that they think could make bridges last longer .
Professor Paul Tikalsky leads the experiments by a team at Pennsylvania State University . He says bridges made of concrete now last about twenty-five to thirty-five years . But he says the new mixtures might extend that to seventy –five or even one-hundred years .
Concrete is made of stone , sand , water and cement(水泥). The materials in the cement hold the concrete together . Ancient Romans built with concrete . Yet strengthened concrete bridges did not appear until the late 1800s . People keep looking for new ways to improve concrete . Professor Tikalsky says it is one of the most complex of all chemical systems .
The new mixtures designed by his team contain industrial waste products . He says these make the concrete better able to resist damage from water and salt over time . One of the products is fly ash . This is released into the air as pollution when coal is burned .
Professor Tikalsky says particles (颗粒)of fly ash are almost exactly the same size and chemical structure as Portland cement . This is the most costly material in concrete . So using fly ash to replace some of it would save money .
The federal government is paying for part of the research . Engineers anywhere can use the technology . Professor Tikalsky says some of the ideas have already been put to use in China , the Philippines and other countries .
【小题1】Why did the United Nations launch the campaign ?

A．Because the United Nations wanted to reduce road accidents and economic costs

B．Because two million people were killed in the accidents .

C．Because engineers wanted to design ten new concrete mixtures .

D．Because the United Nations made bridges of the new mixtures which could last for about 20 to 35

years .
【小题2】What does the underlined word “ this ” in the sixth paragraph refer to ?

【小题3】Which of the following statements is TRUE ?

A．Ten new concrete bridges have already been built in the United States .

B．A new concrete bridge could last 50 more years than an ordinary concrete one .

C．People didn’t know how to build with cement until the late 1800s .

D．Water and salt won’t do any damage to bridges over time .

【小题4】What does the passage mainly tell us ?

A．The causes of road accidents .	B．The advantages of fly ash
C．The measures of avoiding road accidents	D．Latest information about long-life concrete bridges

.
第三部分：阅读理解
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.
In the debates about how a particular piece of land is to be used, the priorities often conflict. What should you do, for example, if you find out that under the fertile fields of a farming community there is a thick bed of coal which can be strip mined(露天矿) ? Strip mining tears up top soil and plants. But mining may create jobs, bring money to the towns businesses. Those who approve of strip mining say that the coal is needed, and they point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get coal from the surface than to go deep into the earth to get it by standard mining techniques. On the other hand, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of top soil. As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space. Nearly every proposal for a new power plant, highway, or airport draws fierce opposition. Everyone wants the big, land-eating “uglies” to be in someone else’s backyard. Minneapolis and St.Paul, Minnesota, for example, have been debating about the site of a future airport for years. Yet if a new airport is needed, it will have to go somewhere.
How do we find our way out of the land-used problem? One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions. Does everyone have to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots? What about developing mass transport systems that use less land? Do suburbs have to spread? Can they be designed so they use less space? Do we have to have more energy? If we do, do we really have to strip-mine coal to provide it?
However difficult they may be to arrive at, choices will have to be made if we want to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land. For there is at least one point on which all of us can agree: The land does have its limits.
1. The word “priorities” in the sentence means ____.
? A. the various needs           B. the most important goal
? C. the number one necessity     D. the first thing to be considered
2. “…, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space. ” tells us that ____.
? A. people are thinking to develop their living space into the sky
? B. people noticed the need for unoccupied land
? C. people are struggling to get more land from the space ?
D. people are becoming more active on the space issue
3. How do we find our way out of the land use problems?
?A. One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions.
B. Everyone has to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots.
?C. We have to have more energy. We need strip-mine coal to provide it.
D. We may develop mass transit systems which use less land.
4. “Everyone wants the big, land-eating ‘uglies’ to be in someone else s backyard.” shows that        .
? A. people don t want more big projects
? B. people don t want to live in the neighborhood of the big projects
? C. people regard the large construction projects are “uglies ”
? D. people don t like the undesirable building projects
5. The main idea of this article is ____.
? A. The Limits of Land            B. Land
C. Land and Our Life Styles      D. Land and Space

Each year, road accidents kill a million people and injure millions more . The economic costs are greatest for developing countries . Earlier this year , the United Nations called for a campaign to improve road safety .

One way to avoid accidents is better driving . Another is better roads and bridges . Engineers in the Unites States have designed ten new concrete mixtures that they think could make bridges last longer .

Professor Paul Tikalsky leads the experiments by a team at Pennsylvania State University . He says bridges made of concrete now last about twenty-five to thirty-five years . But he says the new mixtures might extend that to seventy –five or even one-hundred years .

Concrete is made of stone , sand , water and cement(水泥). The materials in the cement hold the concrete together . Ancient Romans built with concrete . Yet strengthened concrete bridges did not appear until the late 1800s . People keep looking for new ways to improve concrete . Professor Tikalsky says it is one of the most complex of all chemical systems .

The new mixtures designed by his team contain industrial waste products . He says these make the concrete better able to resist damage from water and salt over time . One of the products is fly ash . This is released into the air as pollution when coal is burned .

Professor Tikalsky says particles (颗粒)of fly ash are almost exactly the same size and chemical structure as Portland cement . This is the most costly material in concrete . So using fly ash to replace some of it would save money .

The federal government is paying for part of the research . Engineers anywhere can use the technology . Professor Tikalsky says some of the ideas have already been put to use in China , the Philippines and other countries .

1.Why did the United Nations launch the campaign ?

A．Because the United Nations wanted to reduce road accidents and economic costs

B．Because two million people were killed in the accidents .

C．Because engineers wanted to design ten new concrete mixtures .

D．Because the United Nations made bridges of the new mixtures which could last for about 20 to 35

years .

2.What does the underlined word “ this ” in the sixth paragraph refer to ?

A．Fly ash

B．Portland cement

C．Sand

D．Chemical

3.Which of the following statements is TRUE ?

A．Ten new concrete bridges have already been built in the United States .

B．A new concrete bridge could last 50 more years than an ordinary concrete one .

C．People didn’t know how to build with cement until the late 1800s .

D．Water and salt won’t do any damage to bridges over time .

4.What does the passage mainly tell us ?

A．The causes of road accidents .	B．The advantages of fly ash
C．The measures of avoiding road accidents	D．Latest information about long-life concrete bridges

第三部分：阅读理解

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.

A

In the debates about how a particular piece of land is to be used, the priorities often conflict. What should you do, for example, if you find out that under the fertile fields of a farming community there is a thick bed of coal which can be strip mined(露天矿) ? Strip mining tears up top soil and plants. But mining may create jobs, bring money to the towns businesses. Those who approve of strip mining say that the coal is needed, and they point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get coal from the surface than to go deep into the earth to get it by standard mining techniques. On the other hand, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of top soil. As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space. Nearly every proposal for a new power plant, highway, or airport draws fierce opposition. Everyone wants the big, land-eating “uglies” to be in someone else’s backyard. Minneapolis and St.Paul, Minnesota, for example, have been debating about the site of a future airport for years. Yet if a new airport is needed, it will have to go somewhere.

How do we find our way out of the land-used problem? One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions. Does everyone have to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots? What about developing mass transport systems that use less land? Do suburbs have to spread? Can they be designed so they use less space? Do we have to have more energy? If we do, do we really have to strip-mine coal to provide it?

However difficult they may be to arrive at, choices will have to be made if we want to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land. For there is at least one point on which all of us can agree: The land does have its limits.

1. The word “priorities” in the sentence means ____.

? A. the various needs B. the most important goal

? C. the number one necessity D. the first thing to be considered

2. “…, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space. ” tells us that ____.

? A. people are thinking to develop their living space into the sky

? B. people noticed the need for unoccupied land

? C. people are struggling to get more land from the space ?

D. people are becoming more active on the space issue

3. How do we find our way out of the land use problems?

?A. One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions.

B. Everyone has to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots.

?C. We have to have more energy. We need strip-mine coal to provide it.

D. We may develop mass transit systems which use less land.

4. “Everyone wants the big, land-eating ‘uglies’ to be in someone else s backyard.” shows that .

? A. people don t want more big projects

? B. people don t want to live in the neighborhood of the big projects

? C. people regard the large construction projects are “uglies ”

? D. people don t like the undesirable building projects

5. The main idea of this article is ____.

? A. The Limits of Land B. Land

C. Land and Our Life Styles D. Land and Space

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