题目内容
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
The world would have been so much better if we all knew to say and do the right thing at the right time.However, that is not the case, especially when it comes to instilling(逐步培养)proper behavior in kids.Behavior modification(BM)techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behavior in children as well as adults.
Behavior modification refers to establishing appropreciate behaviors in individuals and discouraging those that are not desirable.Behavior modification techniques are developed largely according to the principles of operant conditioning by B.F.Skinner, an American behaviorist.These techniques are used in behavior modification therapy that aims to correct and instill appropreciate behavior in children.
The most commonly used behavior modification techniques are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment.Positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing a desired behavior through the process of rewarding it.This can be done by praising the individual as soon as he performs a desirable behavior.Negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or a behavior because the desired behavior was performed.For example, letting a child not help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a form of negative reinforcement.Punishment is something that we all can relate to.Yes, it is just what it means.However, when put in words, punishment refers to subjecting(使服从于)an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behavior.
The behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement.However, parents should realize that these techniques can’t be relied upon totally for child behavior modification.Though the behavior modification techniques lead to quick results, a parent should continuously try to cultivate in his child the ability to appreciate the reason why such a behavior is expected of him.This can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parent-child relationship.As a parent, don’t make the reward a monetary one.Try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward.
A parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance so that the child gets a clear idea of what is expected and what is not.Although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behavior modification in children,both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play.Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management, teaching social problem-solving skills like alternative thinking, and continuous monitoring of a child’s behavior.It is true that there are various behavior modification techniques available for encouraging proper behavior in children.However, there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate environment.
解析:
Definition based Purpose Common Removing Punishment effectively Stick teachers deal/cope |
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请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“But what if I break my arm again?” My five-year-old daughter asked. I knew how much she wanted to learn to 41 .Yet ever since she fell off her bicycle and broke her arm, she’d been 42_ .
“Oh, honey,” I said. “I don’t think you’ll break 43 arm.”
“But I could, couldn’t I?”
“Yes,” I 44 and found myself struggling for the right thing to say. At times like this, I 45 I had someone who might help me find the right words to make my girl’s problems disappear. But after a painful 46 , I’d decided to remain single.
“ I don’t want to ride,” she said and got off her bike.
“ You know, honey,” I said. “ Almost everything you do comes with 47 . You could break your arm jumping rope. You 48 break your arm at gymnastics. Do you want to stop going to gymnastics?”
“No,” she said. And with a 49 spirit, she agreed to try it again. I held on to her bike until she found the 50 to say, “Let’s go!” I spent the rest of the afternoon watching a brave little girl overcome a 51 .
As we walked home, she 52 me about a conversation I had. “Why were you and grandma arguing last night?”
My mother wanted me to marry again, 53 I told her I didn’t want to meet the Mr. Perfect she 54 for me. She said she knew Steve was the man for me.
“It’s nothing,” I told her.
She shrugged, “Grandma said she just wanted you to find someone to 55 .”
“What grandma wants is for some guy to break my 56 again!” I lost control.
She was 57 for several minutes. Then she said something 58 me to think about. “So I think love isn’t like a broken arm.”
Unable to answer, we walked in silence. Later I did what my brave girl did that afternoon. I 59 to meet Steve.
Steve was the man for me. We married soon. It turned out mother and my daughter were 60 .
【小题1】1.
A.speak | B.ride | C.walk | D.drive |
A.disappointed | B.satisfied |
C.shamed![]() | D.afraid |
【小题3】 |
|
A.sighed | B.regretted |
C.admitted | D.whispered |
A.wished | B.thought |
C.realized | D.decided |
A.experience | B.divorce |
C.memory | D.mistake |
A.luck | B.surprise |
C.risks | D.results |
A.could | B.should |
C.would | D.must |
A.determined | B.frightened |
C.comforted | D.encouraged |
A.destination | B.sense | C.strength | D.courage |
A.shyness | B.fear | C.difficulty | D.disadvantage |
A.told | B.said | C.asked | D.reminded |
A.but | B.then | C.and | D.so |
A.referred to | B.set side | C.gave away | D.picked out |
A.trust | B.love | C.help | D.accept |
A.glasses | B.habit | C.heart | D.power |
A.nervous | B.quiet | C.sad![]() | D.serious |
A.for | B.of | C.with | D.by |
A.agreed | B.pretended |
C.continued | D.stopped |
A.interesting | B.curious |
C.careful | D.right |
第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Learn to Meet Challenges
My classmates called me “the alien” ,and they avoided me like the plague(瘟疫).As a young boy, I 36 from a serious skin disease ,which filled my arms with scars(伤疤). The true 37 of my condition, however, was social: I lived a life of loneliness.
Doctors predicted that I would never fully recover, but my parents encouraged me to hope for the future, teaching me that any difficulty could be overcome. I therefore took a / an 38 role in fighting against my disease, trying many medications and herbs, and my health 39 greatly before I graduated. I realized that my personal 40 had led to this improvement. I regained self-confidence and made many friends at school.
Years later, 41 my personal battle against disease, I learned a great deal about 42 by overcoming difficulties.
I joined the Culture Club as a Special Event Director. I 43 a group of six students in organizing various activities. I was the most advanced ESL student among the group, so I considered myself the most capable. But I quickly learned my 44 , While preparing for our first presentation, I was 45 with my team members and often rejected their 46 . I
performed most of their tasks myself , allowing them to 47 me only with small details. As a result, the presentation was not very successful. The setback 48 me, and I spoke of it to the club’s director. She responded that she 49 my ability to succeed in the future. This comment filled me with 50 , for I realized that I had never trusted my own team members.
51 they were weak in English, they had many valuable talents. I immediately 52 my policy, allowing my team members to choose the tasks they desired and to complete them on their own. For our program, we had many meetings, which gave 53 to many good ideas. Most importantly, the atmosphere among us improved dramatically. We were 54 and eager to devote time to the program , and I learned what true leadership is.
My experiences 55 improved my ability to handle challenging situations.
36. A. judged B. suffered C. prevented D. separated
37. A. pain B. sign C. value D. meaning
|
40. A. joy B. goal C. will D. life
41. A. over B. like C. for D. in
42. A. ability B. quality C. leadership D. friendship
43. A. taught B. found C. managed D. followed
44. A. mistake B. method C. effort D. right
45. A. satisfied B. familiar C. patient D. strict
46. A. desires B. talents C. ideas D. tasks
47. A. remind B. guide C. show D. help
48. A. discouraged B. disturbed C. encouraged D. educated
49. A. adopted B. admired C. trusted D. tested
50. A. surprise B. delight C. pride D. hope
51. A. As B. If C. Because D. Although
52. A. deleted B. changed C. regretted D. considered
53. A. birth B. hand C. gift D. rise
54. A. crazy B. happy C. successful D .independent
55. A. instantly B. indirectly C. unusually D. undoubtedly