It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs(细菌), germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums. Flossing(使用牙线) helps to remove the food that gets stuck between your teeth. This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but some doctors say that flossing can be also good for your heart.

It may seem strange that something your do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart. Doctors have come up with a few ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. One idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood. Germs that get into the blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth, the body tries to fight against these germs. For some reason, the way the body fight these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart over time.

Not every doctor agrees about these ideas. Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. The incidence(发生率) of two or more events is completely random, as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship between them. For example, every time I wash my car, it rains. This does not mean that when I wash my car, I somehow change the weather. This is only a coincidence. Similarly, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems, and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have healthy hearts.

The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true. But every doctor agrees that flossing is a great way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help your heart, it is sure to help your teeth. This is enough of a reason for everyone to floss their teeth every day.

1. From the passage, we know that_____

A. food stuck between your teeth may hurt your teeth

B. all of the doctors agree that flossing is good for your heart

C. doctors’ judgment about flossing is based on medical research

D. not every doctor thinks flossing helps to keep your teeth healthy

2.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 is to____.

A. Provide an example

B. Make a comparison

C. Introduce a new topic

D. Develop a previous statement

3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the last paragraph?_______.

A. It is a fact that flossing can help your heart as well as your teeth.

B. There is no good reason to believe that flossing will help your heart.

C. Because doctors find flossing won’t help your heart, it is useless to floss.

D. Even if flossing is only good for your teeth, you should still do it every day.

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Flossing by Coincidence

B. How to Keep Your Teeth Healthy

C. Flossing Habits and Healthy Hearts

D. Why Doctors Disagree about Flossing

Many years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the yearly games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.

In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.

The Games have been a great success in helping the progress of international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years is still needed to persuade those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should be included.

1. The first games for the disabled were held after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.

A.40 years

B.21 years

C.10 years

D.9 years

2.This text tells us that Sir Ludwig Guttmann .

A. was an early organizer of the games for the able-bodied

B. was welcomed by the British government

C. was an injured soldier

D. was from England

3.From the passage, we may know that the writer is .

A. one of the organizers of the games for the disabled

B. a disabled person who once took part in the games

C. against holding the games for the disabled

D. in favour of holding the games for the disabled

A businessman was deep in debt (欠债) and could see no way out. He sat on the park bench, _____ in hands, wondering if anything could his company.

Suddenly an old man appeared. “I can see _ ___ is troubling you,” he said. After listening to the businessman's , the old man said, “I believe I can you.” He asked the businessman’s name ,and a check (支票), saying , “Take this money. Meet me here exactly one year from today, and you can me back at that time.” Then he left quickly.

The businessman in his hand a check for $ 500,000, signed(签字)by John D. Rockefeller, who was then one of the men in the world! “I can get rid of my money worries now!” he realized. But instead, he to put the check in his case, just knowing it was there to give him the strength to work out a to save his company.

Within a few months, he was out of debt and money once again. Exactly one year later, he returned to the with the check. At the agreed-on , the old man appeared. Just the businessman was about to hand back the check and his successful story, a nurse came running up and grabbed the old man. “I am so I caught him!” she cried, “I hope he hasn't been bothering you. He's escaping from the rest home and people he’s John D. Rockefeller.” And she led him away by the arm. The businessman just stood there, .

Suddenly, he realized it wasn't the money, real or imagined, but his new found self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after.

1.A. money B. hair C. cheek D. head

2.A. start B. stop C. save D. sell

3.A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything

4.A. programs B. troubles C. wishes D. dreams

5.A. find B. teach C. help D. protect

6.A. packed up B. picked up C. took out D. wrote out

7.A. bring B. pay C. feed D. call

8.A. saw B. tied C. pulled D. hid

9.A. tallest B. richest C. strongest D. busiest

10.A. continued B. refused C. decided D. forgot

11.A. record B. result C. problem D. way

12.A. losing B. making C. lending D. raising

13.A. park B. room C. company D. hospital

14.A. time B. corner C. price D. weekend

15.A. if B. as C. after D. because

16.A. read B. test C. share D. hear

17.A. sad B. angry C. tired D. glad

18.A. seldom B. hardly C. never D. always

19.A. ordering B. warning C. telling D. reminding

20.A. shocked B. bored C. excited D. interested

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