We know that many animals do not stay in one place.Birds,fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time.They move for different reasons:most of them move to find food more easily,but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.

When cold weather comes,many birds move to warmer places to find food.Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed.The most famous migration(迁移)is probably the migration of fish,which is called “Salmon”.This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water.There it spends its life.When it is old,it returns to its birthplace in fresh water.Then it gives birth and dies there.In northern Europe,there is a kind of mouse.They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded.They move down to the low land.Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside,and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.

Recently,scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾).Every year,when the season of bad weather arrives,the lobsters get into a long time and start to walk across the floor of the ocean.Nobody knows why they do this,and nobody knows where they go.

So,sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another,but at other times we don’t.Maybe living things just like to travel.

Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to _________.

A.give birth                                              B.enjoy warmer water

C.find food more easily                             D.find beautiful places

The mice in northern Europe move when _________.

A.they give birth                                       B.the weather is bad

C.the place gets too crowded                      D.they haven’t enough food

The lobsters move _________.

A.to the fresh water                                          B.to the deeper sea

C.at a certain time                                     D.to find more food

It has been found that less than one shopper in five makes a complete shopping list before going to the store. The reason for this is that seven out of ten of today’s purchases(购买) are decided in the store, where the shoppers tend toward impulse(冲动) buying. Buying groceries on impulse had risen for the past forty years, and this rise has coincided(巧合) with the growth of self-service shopping. However, in grocery stores where clerks wait on customers there is much less impulse buying. It is hard for people to buy on impulse if they have to address a clerk.
Psychologists have joined forces with merchandising(商品) experts. It is their job to persuade people to buy products which they may not need or even want until they see them attractively presented. It was discovered by the psychologists that shoppers want help in their purchases. Having so many choices confuses them, and they prefer the package that attracts them. Therefore, it is now more usual for food packers to pay attention to their package design. Attraction depends heavily on the position of the product on the shelf, however. Thus, persuading the shopper to buy is easier if the product is located at eye-level.
【小题1】According to the information in the first paragraph, ______ make a complete list.

A.only five shoppersB.less than twenty percent of the shoppers
C.only ten percent of the shoppersD.not even five percent of the shoppers
【小题2】The reason for the above mentioned phenomenon is that _______.
A.people have difficulty making up their mind before going shopping
B.people don’t know what is available in the store
C.people tend to decide on buying products when they see them
D.people are easily deceived(欺骗) by the attractive products
【小题3】In grocery stores where customers are served there is less impulse shopping. This may be because ________.
A.the clerks ignore the customers
B.the clerks are too eager to serve the customers
C.the stores have to send the shopper’s purchases to his house
D.customers hesitate to ask for help if they haven’t decided what to buy
【小题4】Shoppers tend to buy the products put on _______.
A.the top shelfB.the bottom shelf
C.the shelf which people can see easilyD.the shelf where there is less confusion
【小题5】Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A.Psychologists and Merchandising Experts.B.Impulse Buying.
C.The more Products the More Confusion.D.Self-service Shopping.

When people lose legs after accidents or illnesses, emergency care and artificial limbs(假肢)often allow them to walk again. Newts (蝾螈) in the same situation, on the other hand, can grow limbs back on their own! Scientists have known for a long time that certain animals can re-grow limbs, but they haven’t quite figured out how these creatures do it.
Researchers have now come up with some new ideas. Their work may give people the ability to re-grow lost limbs. The researchers started with two simple experiments:when you cut a newt’s leg at the ankle, only the foot grows back;when you cut off a leg at the very end, the whole leg grows back. In both cases, the re-growth begins with stem cells. Stem cells can develop into nearly any type of cell in the body.
How do a newt’s stem cells know when to grow only a foot and when to re-grow a whole leg?
This question relates to another mystery. In newt’s, a cut-off leg will grow back only if the nerve bundle(神经束)in it also grows back , but if something prevents the nerve bundle from growing, the stem cells at the wound won’t re-grow a new leg.
In its study, a British team focused on a protein called n-AG. When the team prevented nerves in a limb from growing, but added the n-AG protein to stem cells in the limb, the limb still re-grew. That protein seems to guide limb re-growth. People have proteins that are similar to n-AG. Further research into these materials may someday help human limbs recover by themselves.
40. In the experiments, the researchers cut off a newt’s foot or leg to find out _____.
A. what stem cells were                    B. whether they would grow back
C. how long it would take to re-grow    D. how they would re-grow
41. A newt will re-grow its leg if _____.
A. its ankle was cut off but the nerve bundle was good
B. its leg was cut off and the nerve bundle stopped growing
C. its leg was cut off and the nerve bundle could grow back
D. its ankle and the nerve bundle were cut off
42. What do the underlined words “these materials” refer to?
A. Nerve bundles and proteins.         B. Proteins similar to n-AG.
C. Stem cells and proteins.              D. Stem cells and nerve bundles.
43. The first sentence of the passage _____.
A. acts as a lead–in                      B. shows where researchers got their new ideas
C. states the author’s opinion           D. describes the result of researchers’ studies

United States and Canada are multicultural countries with many national, religious and cultural differences, where people attach great importance to individualism—the uniqueness among people. Teachers value the qualities that make each student special and different. You can see such values through their educational systems. For example, students needn’t memorize lots of information. Instead, they work independently and find answers on their own. There are discussions for children to show their own ideas and opinions.

By contrast, people have the same language, history, and culture in most Asian societies. As a result, Asia’s educational system reflects society’s belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea learn to work together and help one another in assignments. And the teaching methods are often very formal and serious. In class, teachers give lectures while students listen and take notes. Discussion is replaced by reciting rules of information that have been memorized.

These two systems both have advantages and disadvantages. One advantage in Japan is that there is much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school. In addition, students study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The difficult system also prepares students for a society that place emphasis on discipline(纪律) and self-control. However, while memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students admit forgetting much of the information that they have memorized after exams.

On the other hand, the educational system in North American has an advantage that students learn to think for themselves, which prepares them for a society that values creativity. The disadvantage is that when they graduate from high school, they haven’t recited as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.

1.People in multicultural countries such as the US or Canada lay more stress on __________.

A.team work         B.self-control        C.discipline          D.individualism

2.What is the advantage of the educational system in North America?

A.There is not much discussion.

B.Learning to think for themselves

C.Learning much less math and science

D.They haven’t memorized basic rules and facts.

3.Which words is most suitable to describe the author's attitude in writing this  passage?

A.Supportive        B.Opposite          C.Objective(客观)  D.Subjective(主观)

4.The main idea of this passage is___________.

A.cultural differences in countries such as the United States or Canada

B.comparisons of educational system between North America and Asia

C.there are more advantages of Asian education system of than that of North American

D.there are more disadvantages of Asian education system than that of North American

 

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