题目内容
Play allows children to use their creativity while developing their imagination and physical, cognitive (认知的), and emotional strength. Play is important to healthy brain development. Play allows children to create and explore a world they can master, conquering their fears while practicing adult roles. Undirected play allows children to learn how to work in groups, to share, to negotiate, and to resolve conflicts.
??? Ideally, much of play involves adults, but when play is controlled by adults, children acquiesce (顺从) to adult rules and concerns and lose some of the benefits play offers them, particularly in developing creativity, leadership, and group skills. In contrast to passive entertainment, play builds active, healthy bodies. In fact, it has been suggested that encouraging unstructured play may be an exceptional way to increase physical activity levels in children, which is one important strategy in the resolution of the obesity problem.
??? Children’s development is critically influenced by appropriate, affective relationships with loving and consistent caregivers as they relate to children through play. When parents observe their children in play or join with them in child-driven play, they are given a unique opportunity to see the world from their children’s vantage point as the child navigates a world perfectly created just to fit his or her needs. The interactions that occur through play tell children that parents are fully paying attention to them and help to build enduring relationships. Parents who have the opportunity to look at their children’s world learn to communicate more effectively with their children and are given another setting to offer guidance. Less verbal children may be able to express their views, giving their parents an opportunity to gain a fuller understanding of their perspective. Quite simply, play offers parents a wonderful opportunity to engage fully with their children.
??? Play is essential to the academic environment. It ensures that the school setting attends to the social and emotional development of children as well as their cognitive development. It has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting and even to strengthen children’s learning willingness. Social-emotional learning is best integrated (融合) with academic learning; it is concerning if some of the forces that enhance children’s ability to learn are improved at the expense of others. Play and unscheduled time that allow for peer interactions are important components of social-emotional learning.
1.Compared with undirected play, play which is controlled by adults ________.
A. doesn’t benefit the children at all
B. doesn’t help develop leadership and group skills
C. makes children become more active
D. helps increase physical activity levels
2.The third paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
A. play offers parents a good chance to establish good relationships with children
B. children’s development is greatly influenced by relationships with parents
C. play helps children better express their views
D. play offers parents a unique opportunity to see the world from a different perspective
3.From the last paragraph, we know that ________.
A. play can’t help children become adapted to the school setting
B. play makes social-emotional learning and academic learning separated
C. play is beneficial to social-emotional learning as well as academic learning
D. it is necessary to strengthen children’s academic development at the expense of others
4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Undirected play can help children develop team spirit.
B. Play can improve children’s willingness to learn.
C. Play helps adults gain a better understanding of the children’s thoughts.
D. Adults shouldn’t be involved in children’s play.
1.B
2.A
3.C
4.D
【解析】
试题分析:本文介绍了游戏玩耍在孩子的各项能力的发展培养中很重要,它既可以帮助父母了解孩子的世界,与孩子建立良好关系,还可以提高孩子的社会情感学习能力和学术学习能力。
1.细节题,根据第二段中“when play is controlled by adults, children acquiesce (顺从) to adult rules and concerns and lose some of the benefits play offers them, particularly in developing creativity, leadership, and group skills”当游戏是由成年人控制的时候,孩子们会顺从大人的规则和关注点,失去了一部分游戏给他们带来的益处,特别是创造力、领导能力和组织能力的发展。故选B。
2.推理题,根据文章第三段最后一句“ Quite simply, play offers parents a wonderful opportunity to engage fully with their children.”非常简单,游戏提供给父母一个能够和孩子全心全意一起玩的好机会。根据常理可知以孩子的角度和孩子一起玩可以增加亲子关系。故选A。
3.细节题,根据最后一段中“ It has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting”它已经被证明可以帮助孩子适应学校环境,故A错误;根据最后一段中“ Social-emotional learning is best integrated (融合) with academic learning;”社会情感学习和学术学习是融合在一起的,可知B错误;根据最后一段中“It ensures that the school setting attends to the social and emotional development of children as well as their cognitive development”它能确保在学校环境中孩子的社会情感发展和他们的认知发展一样好。因此C正确;根据最后一段中“it is concerning if some of the forces that enhance children’s ability to learn are improved at the expense of others.”如果牺牲其它能力发展来强迫提高孩子的学习能力,这令人感到担忧,由此可知D错误。故选C。
4.细节题,根据第一段中“ Undirected play allows children to learn how to work in groups, to share, to negotiate, and to resolve conflicts.”无指导的游戏可以使孩子们学到如何在团队工作、分享、谈判、解决冲突。由此可知A正确;根据最后一段中“ even to strengthen children’s learning willingness”甚至加强孩子学习意愿,因此B正确;根据第三段中“giving their parents an opportunity to gain a fuller understanding of their perspective”给他们父母一个机会更全面了解他们的观点,由此可知C正确;阅读文章第三段内容可知家长与孩子在一起玩才能更好地了解孩子的思想,和孩子建立紧密的亲子关系,因此D错误。故选D。
考点:考查科教类短文
I recently overheard something that surprised me. I heard that people who win the lottery (彩票) are__21_for about 3 weeks. And then they go back to their__22__state of being before they won the money.I__23__that they would have been happy for a much longer time.
The reason for this is that__24__we try to change how we feel by using something outside of ourselves,like winning the lottery,or getting a new car or house,it never__25__.The resulting feelings of happiness are often fleeting (飞逝的).We cannot__26__them for very long.In some way,it may be a good thing.It reminds us that happiness really does come from within and is__27__to us at any moment.True happiness has__28__to do with what is happening outside;it is an inside job.Happiness is a__29__.
We can make the decision to be happy for one day,when we__30__in the morning,every morning.We can find something that brings us great __31__,like sitting outside in the garden under an old tree and__32__the birds sing,or watching the dog or cat play,and just__33__the moment.It is our__34__state and we need only allow it in.At any moment,we can__35__,take a deep breath,and remember who we really are,and why we came here,and that truly is to__36__joy and the aliveness of being.
“Happiness is like a butterfly which,when run after,is always __37__our reach,but,if you will sit down___38__,may fall upon you,” said Nathaniel Hawthorne,an American novelist.So,today,no matter what is going on in your own__39__,stop and take a few moments to breathe deeply and just__40__to be happy,whatever that means to you.
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At a meeting, a well-known speaker lifted up a bill of 20 dollars before starting his speech.
Facing 200 people, he asked, “Who wants this 20-dollar bill?” A great many hands were put up. Then he continued to say, “I intended to give it to any one of you, but allow me to do a thing before giving it to you.” Suddenly he crumpled (揉)it into a round mass. Then he asked, “Who wants it? ” Still some hands were lifted up.
He asked again, “Well, how could it be if I do it like this?” he threw the bill onto the ground, stepped on it and twisted it. As he picked it up, the bill had become not only dirty but wrinkled.
“Who still wants it?” Still a few people put up their hands.
“My dear friends, you have had a meaningful class. No matter how I treated this bill, you still want it, because it is worth 20 dollars. On your life road, you may be knocked down(击垮) or even broken into pieces by your determination(决心) or unfavorable(不利的) situations. We may feel ourselves worth nothing, but, my darling, remember that whatever happens in the future, you should never lose your value(价值) in the God’s heart. You’re particular ---- never forget it.”
【小题1】The underlined word “wrinkled” in the third paragraph probably means ________.
A.broken | B.having small lines or folds in it |
C.flat | D.having holes on it |
A.tell the audience that one should never lose one’s own value |
B.tell the audience that God values money most |
C.test if some of the audience were extremely interested in money |
D.play a trick on the audience |
A.How money can make people crazy. |
B.How to avoid being knocked down in one’s life. |
C.How to keep one’s value of life. |
D.How to give a meaningful class |
While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. 【小题1】
● 【小题2】 When you are nervous,angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity.Running, walking, playing tennis, and working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try.
●Take care of yourself
【小题3】 If you easily get angry and can’t sleep well enough, or if you’re not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations.If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor.
●Make time for yourself
Schedule time for both work and entertainment.Don't forget, play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work. 【小题4】 Go window-shopping or work on a hobby.Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.
● 【小题5】
Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “there’s so much to do, and not enough time”.Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything.Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed.Set out to do the most important task first.
A.Do whatever you like and want to do. |
B.You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. |
C.Make a list of things to do. |
D.Try physical activity. |
F.You could smile to yourself in front of a mirror every day.
G.The following are suggestions for ways to deal with stress.