In its early history.Chicago had floods frequently.especially in the spring.making the streets so muddy that people.horses.and carts got stuck．An old joke that was popular at the time went something 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

1．In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses，and carts got stuck．An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street．Asked if he needs help，he replies，"No，thanks．I've got a good horse under me．"
The city planner decided to build an underground drainage （排水） system，but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level．The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city．
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt．This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12feet．
This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago．Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements，and the second stories into main floors，or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level．Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily．But what about large，heavy structures like Tremont Hotel，which was a six-story brick building？
That's where George Pullman came in．He had developed some house-moving skills successfully．To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel，Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews （螺旋千斤顶） beneath the building's foundation．One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10jackscrews．At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly．Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening．Some people like to say that every problem has a solution．But in Chicago's early history，every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem．Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city's next step was to clean the polluted river．

61．The author mentions the joke to showB．
A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B．Chicago's streets were extremely muddy
C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous
62．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough toD．
A．get rid of the street dirt
B．lower the Chicago River
C．fight against heavy floods
D．build the pipes above ground
63．The underlined word"hoist"in Paragraph 4means"B"．
A．change
B．lift
C．repair
D．decorate
64．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel？A
A．It went on smoothly as intended．
B．It interrupted the business of the hotel．
C．It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews．
D．It separated the building from its foundation．
65．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago'sC．
A．popular life styles and their influences
B．environmental disasters and their causes
C．engineering problems and their solutions
D．successful businessmen and their achievements．

分析在早期的历史中，芝加哥经常发生洪水，尤其是在春天，街道变得如此的泥泞不堪以致于人们，马和车经常被困住．当时流行这样一个古老的笑话：在芝加哥泥泞的街上，一个人的腰被困住了．问他是否需要帮助，他回答说："不，谢谢．我还有一匹好马在下面．"
   城市规划者决定建造一套地下排水系统，但只不过没有地面与水平面之间足够的高度差，只有两个选择即降低芝加哥河的水位或者抬高城市的高度．一个叫埃利斯切斯布罗的工程师说服我该城市除了将管道建在地面上，然后用泥土覆盖上之外别无选择，这会使城市的街道提高12英尺之多．
    当然这样会产生一个新的问题：事实上，泥土埋掉了芝加哥几乎每一栋大楼的第一层．建筑业主们面临着一个选择：要么将建筑物的一楼改到地下室，把第二层改到主楼层，或将整个建筑提升到新的街水平．小的木结构的建筑会相当容易地举起来．但对于像特里蒙特酒店那样大而重的六层砖混结构的建筑怎么办呢？
    这里乔治普尔曼派上了用场．他已经成功地开发了一些搬家技巧．提升一个像特里蒙特酒店那样大的结构，铂尔曼将成千上万的置于建筑物的地基部．一个人被分配到操作每一段大致10个螺旋千斤顶．在铂尔曼的指导下，每个人同时抬起同样数量的螺旋千斤顶，从而缓慢、均匀地抬起建筑物．令人惊讶的是，在整个运作过程中特里蒙特酒店仍然在营业，很多客人甚至没有注意到有什么事情发生．有些人喜欢说，每个问题都有解决的方法．但在芝加哥的早期历史，每一个工程的解决方案似乎创造着一个新的问题．现在芝加哥的废水被有效地排放到芝加哥的河里，该城市的下一步就是治理污染的河流．

解答 61-65BDBAC
答案：61．细节推理题选B 作者提到的这个笑话表明：A 在芝加哥，马非常有用．B 芝加哥的街道相当的泥泞．C 在春天，芝加哥很危险．D 芝加哥的人们尤其的幽默．
     根据第一段的第一句话 In its early history，Chicago…and carts got stuck．（尤其是在春天，芝加哥经常发生洪水，街道变得如此的泥泞不堪以致于人们，马和车经常被困住．所以作者提到的笑话是为了突出这一点即道路的泥泞．）故选B
      62．细节推理题选D 城市规划者被埃利斯切斯布罗说服去做：A 去掉街上的沙土．B 降低芝加哥河的水位．C．与洪水作斗争．D在地面上建管道．根据第三段的第一句话An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced…then cover them with dirt．（一个叫埃利斯切斯布罗的工程师说服我该城市除了将管道建在地面上，然后用泥土覆盖上之外别无选择）可知，埃利斯切斯布罗的工程师认为应该在地上埋下排水管道．故选 D
      63．细节推理题选B 第四段划线单词的意思：A 改变 B 举起，抬起，提升C 修理 D 点缀根据后文Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily．（小的木结构的建筑会相当容易地举起来．）可知另一种方法就是将建筑升高．故选 B
      64．细节推理题选A 关于特里蒙特饭店的搬迁，我们可以推断出 A进展的如料想的那样顺利．B它中断了酒店的生意．C它涉及到普尔曼要用到10个螺旋千斤顶． D它使地基与建筑物相分离．根据最后一段的第三句At Pullman's signal…slowly and evenly．（在铂尔曼的指导下，每个人同时抬起同样数量的螺旋千斤顶，从而缓慢、慢慢地抬起建筑物．）可知A正确，故选A
       65．主旨大意题  选C 该段落主要是关于：A流行的生活方式和影响 B 环境灾害与原因 C工程问题及其解决方法 D成功的商人他们的成就本题为总结概括全文的主旨大意题，第一段提到芝加哥城所存在的问题，接下来讨论了解决这个问题的一些方法，最后一段讲到虽然解决了当前的问题，但随之而来又会产生一些新的有待解决的问题．故文章大致上讲述的是建造的问题与解决的办法．故选C．

点评本文讲述了芝加哥城的问题与改造方案，61---64题为细节推理题，65题为概括主旨大意题．所以在阅读过程中，首先要泛读，要快速通读全文，了解段落的主题；其次要精读，结合每题的问题，在文中找到原句进行推理．

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Street dances are dance styles that evolved (演变) outside of dance studios in any available open space. They are often improvisational (即兴的) and social in nature，encouraging interaction and contact with audiences and the other dancers. These dances generally evolve out of urban and suburban spaces and are a part of the native culture of that geographical area. Some examples of street dances include B-boying, or breakdancing, which originated in New York City, and Melbourne Shuffle which originated in Melbourne, Australia.

Street dances are dances that evolve between people in a social environment，although it cannot be always determined as to how they actually do evolve between people. In theory, as one person comes up with a move that looks good to another person, that other person tries to copy that move. Similar to the game of Chinese Whispers, the effect is that the other person cannot absolutely perform that move the same way as the other person, thus leading to the dancer creating their own style or entirely new moves.

There is a small difference between entirely freestyle dance and an absolute street dance. While freestyle dance is random and a personal dance invented by a single person (even if ifs based on someone else’s dance style), a full street dance is a collection of the various similar dance moves and styles collected into one practice and regarded as the same dance. For example, when B-boying evolved out of early hip-hop culture, people came up with their own moves, and other people improved them. Street dances constantly evolve for as long as they are now and then practiced and regarded as the same dance. All the moves danced to breaks in hip-hop culture were regarded as B-boying.

Sometimes it is possible to trace back street dance styles that were mostly pioneered by specific persons. One example is Locking, which is often regarded as being started by Don Campbell, who was a 1970s pioneer of American street dance. Most of the time it is impossible to owe street dances to specific people; since the dances evolve outside of professional dance environments, and there is no social or legal record. Street dance pioneers also rarely have professional degrees in dance, thus distinguishing street dance from other modern dance forms.

1.Paragraph 1 is intended to tell us the of street dances.

A. varieties B. changes

C. characteristics D. distributions

2.What do we know about street dances?

A. Dancers perform them in dance studios.

B. They are developed by professional dancers.

C. They are collected from different moves and styles.

D. Dancers create moves based on other people’s moves.

3.Chinese Whispers are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to .

A. stress a street dancer’s own style

B. show the effect of Chinese whispers

C. introduce a popular Chinese game