Treatment
for HIV has become more widespread, especially in poorer countries. It's also
become cheaper, as medicine companies have lowered their prices for life-saving
anti-retroviral drugs(抗逆转录病毒药物). But these drugs are still expensive and many countries are
looking to create the biggest impact with limited resources. That's where World
Health Organization guidelines come in, says Rochelle Walensky, a disease
researcher from Harvard.
Walensky
and her colleagues used computer programs to model the most cost-effective
disease interventions(干预), as well as collected data from clinics in Africa and India about
what works best. They found that among the choices of what to do first, earlier
anti-retroviral therapy (疗法)improved five-year survival
dramatically and resulted in the longer life expectancy. But cost-effective
doesn't always mean affordable, especially for governments in poor countries.
Countries still have to make difficult choices about how much treatment they
can afford.
People
in Nairobi, Kenya on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010, protest a potential free trade
area agreement between the EU and India that could see cheap anti-AIDS drugs
phased out(逐步淘汰). However, Walensky notes that first-line anti-retrovirals—those
medicine given to newly diagnosed patients that can keep away from symptoms for
years - are much cheaper than they were a decade ago. "Second-line therapy
have come down quite a bit but not to the level of first-line and countries are
having a hard time affording them and increasingly over time, people are going
to fail first-line therapy and they're going second-line therapy and then,
eventually, they're going to need third-line therapy, some of them."
According
to Walensky, history has shown that drug prices can come down when
international pressure is applied to drug makers. But for now, she says,
countries should focus on treating as many people as they can, as early as
possible
Her
paper is published in the online journal PLoS Medicine.
1. Which is the best title for the passage?
A.
HIV Has Spread in Poorer Countries B. Rochelle
Walensky’s Life
C.
International Pressure to Drug Makers D.
Early HIV Treatment Saves Lives
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.
Anti-retroviral drugs have become cheap now.
B.
The cost-effective treatment may be a heavy expense.
C.
Cheap anti-AIDS drugs have been phased out .
D.
First-line therapy deals with the most severe disease.
3. The research is done by
.
A.
using computer programs and collecting data from clinics
B.
giving medicine to newly diagnosed patients with AIDS
C.
urging countries to focus on treating more patients earlier
D.
publishing her paper in the online journal PLoS Medicine
4. The passage serves as a(n)___________ to
Rochelle Walensky 's study.
A.
assessment B.
comment C. introduction D.
background