题目内容

    Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?

    To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch , and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.

    Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?

    Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted(替换)a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of“something permanence, ”while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.

68. The passage is mainly about _____.

     A. babies’ sense of sight                         B. effects of experiments on babies

      C. babies’ understanding of objects         D. different tests on babies’ feelings

69. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence”means that when out of sight, an object ________.

      A. still exists               B. keeps its shape    C. still stays solid        D. is beyond reach

70. What did Bower use in his experiments?

      A. A chair.               B. A screen.         C. A film.                D. A box.

71. Which of the following statements is true?

      A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.

      B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.

      C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.

      D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.

68C

解析:归纳题。文章第一段提出的问题。

69 A

解析:从文章第三段的第二句话可知

70B

解析:由第四段可知

71 D

解析:从第二段的实验中可以得出结论。当婴儿看到一个球的视觉影像时,他以为是固体球,所以伸手去够,但发现什么也没有的时候,表现出了吃惊的神态。

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Recently,I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive,the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight __1__ before setting down. High desert winds had __2__ the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be __3__ the city for a few minutes waiting to __4__. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened __5__ there might be a few bumps(颠簸).We11,that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes,including a ride that would make a roller coaster(过山车) __6__ by comparison. The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt __7__ and had to use airsickness bags. As you might guess,that's not a good thing to have happen in a(n) __8__ space because it only __9__ to increase the discomfort of the situation.

About twenty minutes into the adventure,the entire airplane became very __10__.There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be __11__ noticed.Every passenger simply held on for dear life...except one. A __12__ was having a good time! With each bump of the __13__, he would let out a giggle(咯咯的笑)of delight. As I observed this,I __14__ that he didn't know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his  __15__. He neither thought about the past nor about the future. Those are what we grown-ups have learned from __16__.He was __17__ the ride  because he had not yet been taught to fear it. Having  understood this,I took a deep breath and __18__ back into my seat,pretending I was __19__ on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even  __20__ to  giggle once or twice,much to the chagrin(懊恼)of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.

1. A. mistake  B. delay  C. change   D. wind

2. A. forced     B. warned  C. swept      D. reminded

3. A. watching  B. visiting  C. circling     D. crossing

4. A. arrive     B. enter  C. stop         D. land

5. A. if       B. though  C. because      D. while

6. A. light    B. pale    C. easy         D. quick

7. A. sick     B. nervous  C. angry      D. afraid

8. A. empty   B. narrow  C. secret      D. open

9. A. happens  B. continues  C. fails     D. serves

10. A. quiet   B. hot   C.  dirty        D.  crowded  

11. A. partly  B.  gradually  C. shortly  D. clearly

12. A. pilot   B. baby  C.  guard  D.  man

13. A. seats         B.  passengers

C. flight         D. airplane

14. A. realized  B.  hoped      C.  agreed       D.  insisted

15. A. health   B. safety        C. joy           D. future

16. A. teachers  B. books       C.  experience    D.  practice

17. A. learning   B.  taking    C.  missing       D.  enjoying

18. A. sat       B. lay         C. went          D. rode

19. A. nearly     B.  finally    C.  really        D.  suddenly

20. A. attempted  B.  managed   C.  wanted      D.  decided

Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.

Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate_life_into_exciting_dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).

Many children's games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.

Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.

Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.

Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.

1. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.

A. be a team leader     B. obey the basic rules

C. act as a grown-up    D. predict possible danger

2. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.

A. describe life in an exciting way

B. turn real-life experiences into a play

C. make learning life skills more interesting

D. change people's views of sporting events

3. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?

A. It inspires people's deep love for the country.

B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.

C. It helps the country out of natural disasters.

D. It earns the winners fame and fortune.

4. Iribarne's goal of forming the foundation is to ________.

A. bring fun to poor kids

B. provide soccer balls for children

C. give poor kids a chance for a better life

D. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids

5. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Games  benefit people all their lives.

B. Sports can get all athletes together.

C. People are advised to play games for fun.

D. Sports increase a country's competitiveness.

Shakespeare's Birthplace and

Exhibition of Shakespeare's World

Welcome to the world­famous house where William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and where he grew up.The property(房产)remained in the ownership of Shakespeare's family until 1806.The House has welcomed visitors travelling from all over the world,for over 250 years.

OPENING TIMES

20 Mar to 19 Oct

Mon to Sat:9:00 am to 5:00 pm

Sun:9:30 am to 5:00 pm

20 Oct to 19 Mar

Mon to Sat:9:30 am to 4:00 pm

Sun:10:00 am to 4:00 pm

◆Enter through the Visitors' Centre and see the highly­praised exhibition Shakespeare's World,a lively and full introduction to the life and work of Shakespeare.

◆Stand in the rooms where Shakespeare grew up.

◆Discover examples of furniture and needlework from Shakespeare's period.

◆Enjoy the traditional(传统的)English garden,planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poet's works.

The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map;nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes' walk).

The House may present difficulties but the Visitors' Centre,its exhibition,and the garden are accessible(可进入的)to wheelchair users.

The Shakespeare Coffee House(opposite the Birthplace).

68.How much is the admission for a family of two grown­ups and two children?

A.£9.80.      B.£12.00.  

C.£14.20.      D.£16.40.

69.Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare's Birthplace?

A.Behind the exhibition hall.

B.Opposite the Visitors' Centre.

C.At Windsor Street. 

D.Near the Coffee House.

70.A wheelchair user may need help to enter ________.

A.the House           B.the garden

C.the Visitors' Centre       D.the exhibition hall

  

The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase of lights in cities. In many areas, this light makes it difficult or impossible to observe stars and planets in the night sky.

There are a number of reasons why light pollution is important. One has become clear at the Mount Wilson Observatory near Los Angeles, California. Today, light from Los Angeles makes the night sky above Mount Wilson very bright. It is no longer an important reasearch center because of light pollution.

Light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research telescoples in other important observatories. They include Lick Observatory near San Jose, California and Yerkes Observatory near Chicago, Illionis.

Light pollution is the result of wasted energy. Bright light that shines into the sky is not being used to provide light where it is needed on Earth. Poorly designed lighting causes a great deal of light pollution. Lights that are brighter than necessary also cause light pollution.

Most people in America are surprised to find out that they are able to see our own galaxy(星系),the Milky Way, with their own eyes. But about three­fourths of Americans cannot see the Miky Way because of man­made light.

Objects in the night sky are resources that provide everyone with wonder. But light pollution threatens to prevent those wonderful sights from being seen.

1.Light pollution usually occurs________.

A.in cities                               B.in the country

C.in wild areas                           D.in developing countries

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Mount Wilson Observatory is the most important one in America.

B.Light pollution affects observatories only.

C.In the dark night people can observe the sky clearly.

D.Astronomers can observe the stars clearly by the lights of the cities.

3.The victims affected by the light pollution are________.

A.children          B.grown­ups         C.students          D.observatories

 

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