题目内容
Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Instiute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
“For a logn time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
His research used data from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
“This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
The professor argues about ________ .
A．the size of the class B．the period of the class
C．the attention from teachers D．the achievements of students
The result of the research shows that _________.
A．small classes for one year in early grade are enough
B．continuous small classes help students achieve more
C．it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten
D．small classes do equal good to students of all levels
What can we infer from the passage?
A．High achievers will not benefit from small classes.
B．Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted.
C．Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers.
D．Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices.
The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
A．the gap between low and high achievers B．continuous small classes
C．classroom practices in later grades D．the Project Star Sturdy
【小题1】A
【小题2】B
【小题3】B
【小题4】B
解析:
略
阅读快车系列答案My goddaughter, Shari, owns The Berry Factory in Sacramento, California, and her mother, Joan, and I were helping with the Valentine’s Day rush. We’d dipped hundreds of berries, arranged gift baskets and packaged orders to be 36 around the country.
By the end of the day, the two middle-aged women, Joan and I, were exhausted. But Shari didn’t seem tired. That was 37 Shari. 38 she was very busy, I’d seen her give away berries to everyone—parking attendants, mail carriers and hairdressers. “For me?” they would say, bursting into 39 .
40 a “thank you”, Shari took us out for dinner. But there was a 45-munite 41 at her favorite restaurant. “No big 42 . There’s another place just up the road,” she said, driving up there. This time we walked right 43 .
When the waitress came to 44 our drink orders, Shari 45 into her handbag, pulling something out. “ I want you to have these,” she said, 46 the waitress a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries. “ She will love those berries!” I thought. 47 the waitress seemed very surprised instead. She only let out a “thank you” 48 grabbing the box and rushing into the kitchen.
A few minutes later, the waitress returned 49 our iced tea. “ I apologize,” she said. “ My best friend and I had 50 to send each other something every Valentine’s Day. But she 51 last year. I didn’t know how I’d 52 this day without her. Then you handed me that box.”
“ I’m so sorry to hear that,” said Shari. “ It’s not much, but I hope you can 53 them.”
“ Oh, I will,” the waitress said. “ See, every year we 54 sent each other the same thing: a box of chocolate-dipped strawberries bought from our favorite store, The Berry 55 .”
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1. |
A. brought |
B. produced |
C. travelled |
D. shipped |
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2. |
A. ordinary |
B. typical |
C. strange |
D. healthy |
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3. |
A. If |
B. Since |
C. Though |
D. Until |
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4. |
A. a smile |
B. tears |
C. laughter |
D. song |
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5. |
A. By |
B. Without |
C. Through |
D. As |
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6. |
A. discussion |
B. wait |
C. choice |
D. talk |
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7. |
A. mistake |
B. deal |
C. idea |
D. matter |
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8. |
A. out |
B. along |
C. in |
D. away |
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9. |
A. ask |
B. tell |
C. bring |
D. take |
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10. |
A. looked |
B. passed |
C. reached |
D. pushed |
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11. |
A. handing |
B. forcing |
C. removing |
D. providing |
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12. |
A. But |
B. Or |
C. And |
D. So |
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13. |
A. until |
B. before |
C. after |
D. while |
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14. |
A. for |
B. to |
C. from |
D. with |
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15. |
A. promised |
B. explained |
C. imagined |
D. recognized |
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16. |
A. passed out |
B. passed away |
C. passed by |
D. passed through |
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17. |
A.look through |
B.break through |
C.get through |
D. follow through |
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18. |
A. impress |
B. treasure |
C. value |
D. enjoy |
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19. |
A. always |
B. hardly |
C. sometimes |
D. still |
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20. |
A. Market |
B. Store |
C. Factory |
D. Garden |
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
1.The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .
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A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment |
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B．they thought bath houses were to dirty to stay in |
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C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths |
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D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease |
2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?________.
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A．Afraid |
B．Curious |
C．Approving |
D．Uninterested |
3.The underlined sentence in paragraph one is closest in meaning to __________.
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A．Attitudes to dirt are different in different times |
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B．Nothing is fixed for the attitudes to dirt |
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C．Attitudes to dirt never change |
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D．There isn’t anything fixed for attitudes to dirt |
4. How does the passage mainly develop?____________.
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A．By providing examples |
B．By making comparisons |
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C．By following the order of time |
D．By following the order of importance |
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?___________.
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A．To stress the role of dirt |
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B．To introduce the history of dirt |
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C．To call attention to the danger of dirt |
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D．To present the change of views on dirt |