Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists(考古学家)says．In a letter addressed to the justice secretary(律政司司长), Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue．It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age．The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance．
“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write．
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC．Archaeologists have been granted(同意给予)a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground．
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago．If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was．Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed．
Before 2008, guidelines(准则)allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act(法令)1857 applied to more recent remains．The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it．
Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said：“Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer．”
The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept．
(1)
According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ________．
[ ]
A．
it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
B．
it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
C．
it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
D．
it is not clearly expressed where and how to rebury human remains
(2)
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
[ ]
A．
Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time．
B．
Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh．
C．
Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time．
D．
Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed．
(3)
What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?
[ ]
A．
The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains．
B．
The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857．
C．
The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades．
D．
The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law．
(4)
Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
[ ]
A．
New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands．
B．
Research time should be extended, scientists require．
C．
Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say．
D．
Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn．
The desire to make explorations is born with man．Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go．A large part of human history is connected with the exploration of the world in which we live．Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make known the unknown．With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere．Now the outer space receives their attention．
Why should man take the trouble of conquering space?It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will result in．But one knows, from past experience in other areas, that man will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses．What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable．The new techniques developed to cany out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way．The areas that will benefit are manifold．They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others．But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible．
(1)
The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________．
[ ]
A．
man desires to explore what is unknown
B．
man often goes wherever his dreams go
C．
man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now
D．
man’s history is his exploration of the world
(2)
The word“manifold”in the second paragraph probably means ________．
[ ]
A．
vast
B．
various
C．
valuable
D．
practical
(3)
The author seems to be in favor of ________．
[ ]
A．
doubting the necessity of the space exploration
B．
the exploration of space
C．
exploring more in space than in sea
D．
his experience in space
(4)
In the last sentence of paragraph 2 the phrase“practical results”refers to the results ________．
[ ]
A．
that are obtained from experience
B．
that can be learned as knowledge
C．
that can be made use of
D．
helping us make further exploration
阅读理解
阅读理解。
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list．Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important．Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先)．This view is shortsighted．In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students．
Music tells us who we are．Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions．Music expresses our character and values．It gives us identity as a society．
Music provides a kind of perception(感知)that cannot be acquired any other way．Science can explain how the sun rises and sets．The arts explore the emotive(情感的)meaning of the same phenomenon．We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason：No one way can get it all．
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols．They are ways we human beings“talk”to each other．They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes．The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others．When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses．
Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human．The arts do．Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love．
So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize．
(1)
According to Paragraph 1, students ________．
[ ]
A．
regard music as a way of entertainment
B．
disagree with their parents on education
C．
view music as an overlooked subject
D．
prefer the arts to science
(2)
In Paragraph 2, the author uses jazz an example to
[ ]
A．
compare it with rock music
B．
show music identifies a society
C．
introduce American musical traditions
D．
prove music influences people’s lifestyles
(3)
According to the passage, the arts and science ________．
[ ]
A．
approach the world from different angles
B．
explore different phenomena of the world
C．
express people’s feelings in different ways
D．
explain what it means to be human differently
(4)
What is the main idea of the passage?
[ ]
A．
Music education deserves more attention．
B．
Music should be of top education priority．
C．
Music is an effective communication tool．
D．
Music education makes students more imaginative
阅读理解：
There are robots all around us．Some do very complicated jobs like flying airplanes and driving subway trains．And some do one simple job．When an automatic washing machine is switched on, water pours in．The machine waits until the water is warm enough for washing clothes．It does this by “feedback”(反馈)．Information about what is happening is feedback into the robot to tell what to do next．Our eyes, ears and other senses are our feedback．They tell us what is going on around us．So robots are like human beings in two ways．They work and they have feedback．
In some ways robots are better than human beings．They work quickly and do not make mistakes．They do not get bored doing the same job over and over again．And they never get tired．So robots are very useful in factories．They can be taught to do many different jobs．First their electronic brain must be shown how the job is done．A person moves the robot’s “arms” and “hands” through each part of the job．
The most intelligent robots can move and see．Their eyes are cameras．Their fingers can feel shapes and sizes of the objects．These robots have computer brains linked to their eyes and fingers, which control their actions．The most intelligent robots--cave robots are used in scientific research．They do such job as handling radioactive materials．
(1)
In this passage the author tells us that _________．
[ ]
A．
robots are very popular
B．
there are various kinds of robots
C．
we see robots only at certain times
D．
robots can be easily controlled
(2)
What does the author seem to inform you about robots?
[ ]
A．
They should be greatly improved．
B．
They will probably take over in the future．
C．
They are very helpful and useful to humans．
D．
They are machines that break down a lot．
(3)
The author says that in industry _________．
[ ]
A．
robots break down a lot
B．
robots can do many jobs
C．
robots only get in the way
D．
robots sometimes cause troubles
(4)
The fact that a robot never gets bored doing the same job means that _________．
[ ]
A．
it is very much like human beings
B．
it can do boring jobs for people
C．
it will never bore people
D．
it will work much better than human beings
阅读理解：
In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life．This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member．
Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes．When they get sick, we send them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally(晚期的)ill patients – even when those patients are their parents．This deprives(剥夺)the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience．
Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed about 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well．We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were aware of its possible result．
It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients’ communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears and fantasies．Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly(坦白地)about their trouble．Many of them shared with us their great need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near．We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to deal with the coming of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior(在先的)to death．
(1)
The elders in America today _______．
[ ]
A．
were often absent when a family member was born or dying
B．
were quite unfamiliar with birth and death
C．
usually saw the birth or death of a family member
D．
had often experienced the fear of death as part of life
(2)
Children in America today are deprived of the chance ________．
[ ]
A．
to learn how to face death
B．
to visit their family members
C．
to look after patients
D．
to have access to a hospital
(3)
Five hundred terminally ill patients were interviewed with the main purpose of．
[ ]
A．
observing how they reacted to the crisis of death
B．
helping them and their families overcome the fear of death
C．
finding out their attitude towards the coming of death
D．
learning how to best help them and their families
(4)
What may be concluded from the text?
[ ]
A．
Dying patients are afraid of being told of the coming of death．
B．
Most doctors and nurses understand what dying patients need．
C．
Dying patients should be truthfully informed of their condition．
D．
Most patients are unable to accept death until it can’t be avoided．
