Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world; they're affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more cl 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world; they're affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who've just eaten.

Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Rémi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens.

Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-1evel thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.

For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen-a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.

Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says. "This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. "Radel says.

68. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?

　 A. Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach.

　 B. Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testers, hungry and non-hungry.

　 C. Because noon was not the right time for any experiment.

　 D. Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index.

69. What does the writer want to tell us?

　 A. Human’s senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world.

　 B. What’s perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking.

　 C. Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.

　 D. Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses.

70. What can we infer from the passage?

　 A. 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.

　 B. An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.

　 C. Our thinking processes are independent of our senses.

　 D. Humans call perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes

BCD

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　　In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver.

　　The means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight. hearing and touch play the most important roles.

　　Examples of visual communication are gesture and mimicry. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, or flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of handshaking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.

　　The means of communication mentioned so far have two features(特点)in common; they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.

1．Why does the author explain that he will deal with reception of communication first?

[　　]

A．communication actually takes place when the message is received

B．there are more means of receiving than sending communications

C．it is difficult to organize by type the means of sending communications

D．reception of communications involved use of the senses

2．Applauding is specifically mentioned as an example of ________.

[　　]

A．a simple system of visual communication

B．communication by touch

C．gesture and mimicry

D．communication by sound

3．Which of the following statements about communication by touch is true?

[　　]

A．It is possible to communicate intelligently by touch alone

B．Touch must accompany visual communication

C．Touch is not important as a means of communication

D．There is no well－developed system of communication based on touch

4．Which of the following statements about the ways of communicating ideas and feelings mentioned in the passage is false?

[　　]

A．They can be used to communicate over long distances

B．They require both a sender and a receiver

C．They involve use of conventional signs and symbols

D．They utilize the senses for reception

5．The author specifically mentions that speech is ________.

[　　]

A．necessary for satisfactory communication by gesture

B．the only highly developed form system of communication

C．often used when communicating by touch

D．the mast developed form of communication based on hearing

According to the dictionary definition of“create,ordinary people are creative every day”.To create means“to bring into being,to cause to exist something each of us does daily”.

We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way.First,thisincludes an awareness(意识) of our surroundings.It means using all of our senses to becomeaware of our world.This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture(质地),as well as taste,when we plan a meal.Above all,it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.

A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things.If we believe the expression,“There is nothing new under the sun,the creativity is remaking or recombining(重组) the old in new ways.”For example,we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture,or we might make a new combination of camera lenses andfilters to create an unusual photograph.

A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas,to ask for them to achieve some new results.To think up a new idea is one thing;to put the idea to work is another.

These three parts of creativity are included in all the great works of geniuses,but they arealso included in many of our day-to-day activities.

Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage?

A.To prepare for a meal. B.To arrange the furniture in a special way.

C.To buy some books from a bookstore. D.To“write”a letter with the computer.

.“There is nothing new under the sun” really implies that _________.

A.a new thing can only be created at the basis of earliest things

B.a new thing is only a tale

C.we can seldom create new things

D.we can hardly see really new things in the world

What does the author think about the relationship between a new thought and its being put into practice?

A.It’s more difficult to create a new thought than to use it in practice.

B.To find a new thought will clearly lead to the production of a new thing.

C.A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.

D.One may come up with a new thought,but can not put it into practice.

The best title for this passage is__________.

A.How to Develop One’s Creativity B.What Is Creativity

C.The Importance of Creativity D.Creativity,a Not Faraway Thing

C
Years ago ,when I started looking for my first job ,wise advised,“Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience. ”How right they were!
“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.”wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the paste that helps you hang on there when the going tough. It is the inner voice that whispers, “I can do it!”when others shout, “No, you can’t !”It took years and years for the early work of Barara McClintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine , to be generally accepted. Yet she didn’t stop working on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping.
We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age was. At 90,cellist Palblo Cassls would start his day by playing Bach. A s the music flowed through his fingers his stooped shoulders would strengthen and joy would reappear in his eyes . As author and poet Samuei Ulman once wrote ,“ Years wrinkle the skin ,but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.”
Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money or power . Patricia Mellrath, retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theatre in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, “My father ,a lawyer long ago told me , I never made a dime until I stopped working for money.”
If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended periods of depression that had troubled her for at least 30 years ,and the quality of her led one critic to say,“I’m tempted to call Layton a genius.”
We can’t afford to waste tears on “might-have-beens”. We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after “what-can-be ”.We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, which all our senses-including pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year –old ,the beauty of a rainbow.
66. What is the Chinese for “Enthusiasm”?
A.热情               B. 色彩                                C. 惰性                 D.金钱
67. Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?
A. Enthusiasm can give you courage and strength in difficult times.
B. If you don’t have enthusiasm, you can achieve nothing.
C. Enthusiastic people never consider money and fame.
D. Enthusiastic people can gain great fame and honor.
68. The author mentions cellist Pablo Casals in the third paragraph to show that____
A. music can arouse people’s enthusiasm
B. enthusiasm can give people inspiration needed to succeed
C. enthusiasm can keep people feel young
D. enthusiasm can keep people healthy
69. How many examples are given in the passage to show the importance of enthusiasm?
A. Three             B. Two              C. Four                     D. Five
70. The author mainly wants to say that _________
A. enthusiasm people never get old
B. enthusiasm can make you succeed and enjoy life
C. enthusiasm is more important than experience
D. enthusiasm can give people more success and fame .

If you look up the word “create” in the dictionary , you will find it means “to bring into being, to cause something each of us does daily to exist”．
We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First, this includes an awareness of our surroundings．It means using all of our senses to become aware of our world．This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture（质地）, as well as taste, when we plan a meal．Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss．
A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things．There is nothing new under the sun. The creativity is remaking or recombining（重组） the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph．
A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to ask for them to achieve some new results．To think up a new idea is one thing; to put the idea to work is another．
These three parts of creativity are included in all the great works of geniuses, but they are also included in many of our day-to-day activities．(257 words)
【小题1】Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage?

A．To prepare for a meal．

B．To arrange the furniture in a special way．

C．To buy some books from a bookstore．

D．To “write” a letter with the computer．

【小题2】“There is nothing new under the sun” really implies that _________．

A．a new thing can only be created at the basis of earlier things

B．a new thing is only a tale

C．we can seldom create new things

D．we can hardly see really new things in the world

【小题3】 What is the relationship between a new thought and its being put into practice?

A．It’s more difficult to create a new thought than to put it into practice．

B．To find a new thought will clearly lead to the production of a new thing．