题目内容
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind?s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.
Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibilityC.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. C
16. A
17. D
18. D
19. A
20. C
解析:
1.此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。
evolved逐渐发展，进化符合题意。generated生殖，发展；born (bear的过去分词)不能作谓语动词；originated起源，不能用first修饰。
2.根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable珍贵的；appropriate合适的，适当的；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。
3.此处意思是：语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娱乐；evolution进化。
4.此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for对……负责，是……的原由。其它选项不与for搭配。
5.根据语法分析,空格后应是一个宾语从句，而A，B，D三项后都不能接从句做直接宾语。confirm(确认) 名词；inform(通知)sb.of sth.；convince(使某人确信) sb.of sth.
6.固定搭配provide sb.with sth.意为“向(人)提供(物)”
7.此处意为：我们高度发达的大脑是我们具备了其它低等动物所不具备的语言能力。显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。
8.此句意思是：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜力；performance履行；preference偏爱；passion激情
9.此句句义是：语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as (作为，当作)合乎题意。Like作为介词的意思是“像……一样”。
10.此句意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的；ideological思想上的；social社会的；psychological心理的。
11.此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论；reference参考；reaction反应；recommendation推荐。
12.从11题可看出，作者是倾向于先天论的，为了进一步证明先天论是有道理的，作者选择了以学校为例加以说明，因此这里应填一个表示递进关系的词Indeed(甚至)。
13.此处意思是：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易，根据常识(低年级学外语较容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以选定答案。
14.此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接触到。reveal(显露)sth.to sb，不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engage in从事；be involved in参与。
15.此句意思是：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rules规则，规律；regulations规定；formations构成，构造；constitutions宪法，章程。
16.分析上下文的逻辑关系，从句意思是：语言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：语言不会在与人隔绝的状况下自行发展。前后应为转折关系。
17.此句意为：与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的；distinguished区别的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保护的。
18.此句总结前几句，意为：必须通过与他人交往，语言才能够发展。interaction相互作用；exposition暴露；comparison比较；contrast对比。
19.根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏,感激；requirement要求；alternative转移，转变，转换。
20.本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行为)”。In other words换言之，换句话说；As a result结果是；After all毕竟；Above all首先。
Chinese are very generous when it comes to educating their children. Not caring about the money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the United States and Australia. They also want their children to take extra-course activities where they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes which will give them a head in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter.
However, what most parents fail to see is that the best early education they can give their children is usually very cheap.
Parents can see that their children are very skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though, is that today’s children lack self-respect and self-confidence.
The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills that they need to be confident, happy and clever.
Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework.
Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and lots of self-confidence.
Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not merely teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important.
【小题1】Generally speaking, children’s skills __________.
| A．come from their parents |
| B．have nothing to do with their education |
| C．may be different from child to child |
| D．have something to do with their marks in the exams |
| A．the parents’ ideas of educating their children |
| B．the education system |
| C．children’s skills |
| D．children’s hobbies |
| A． learn how to serve their parents |
| B． learn how to become strong and fat |
| C． benefit from it and prepare themselves for the future |
| D． make their parents believe that they are clever |
| A．Chinese are not very generous on educating their children. |
| B．All Parents know how to teach their children well. |
| C．Teaching a child to cook can improve the skills that he will need in the future. |
| D．Poor parents cannot buy a computer for their children. |
The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills that they need to be confident, happy and clever.
Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework.
Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and lots of self-confidence.
Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not merely teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important.
【小题1】 Generally speaking, children’s skills __________.
| A．come from their parents |
| B．have nothing to do with their education |
| C．may be different from child to child |
| D．have something to do with their marks in the exams |
| A．the parents’ ideas of educating their children |
| B．the education system |
| C．children’s skills |
| D．children’s hobbies |
| A．learn how to serve their parents |
| B．learn how to become strong and fat |
| C．benefit from it and prepare themselves for the future |
| D．make their parents believe that they are clever |
| A．Chinese are not very generous on educating their children. |
| B．All Parents know how to teach their children well. |
| C．Teaching a child to cook can improve the skills that he will need in the future. |
| D．Poor parents cannot buy a computer for their children. |
A demands patience B demands time.
C. is an enjoyable but difficult experience.
D.above all
Child labor — the employment of children in industry, often against their will — has been a problem for many years. Over a hundred years ago, Charles Dickens shocked many of his readers when he described the conditions under which young children worked in British factories. The conditions Dickens described continue almost unchanged today in many parts of the world. The only difference is that today employment of children is confined（limited）to small industries and family businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and particularly farms, rather than to large factories.
Girls suffer more from child labor practices than boys. Many of them are forced to start work when they are only ten years old. Although the work they are given to do is often light, it is often harmful to the health. Recently, children as young as six years were found to be working in Asian factories, and the children were working from eight to fourteen hours a day in overcrowded and unhealthy working conditions. Sometimes a whole family group is employed, with the payment going to a parent or older relative. The children not only receive nothing or very little for their long hours of work, but also they are prevented from attending school. Therefore, when they become older they are unable to do any other kind of work.
The solution to the problem of child labor is clearly better laws to protect young children, greater supervision（监督）of industry and heavier fines for those who break the laws. Only in this way can young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most valuable time of their lives—childhood.
【小题1】Which’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
| A．Children are often willing to work in large factories. |
| B．Most children are working in British factories. |
| C．The poor working conditions of child labor in Dickens’ novel. |
| D．The working conditions for children are similar to those a hundred years ago. |
| A．not harmful to the health though it is heavy |
| B．not harmful to the health because it is light |
| C．harmful to the health though it is light. |
| D．harmful to the health because it is heavy |
| A．because they are forced to | B．in order to be skillful in a certain kind of work |
| C．in order to be paid well | D．in order to earn money for education |
| A．looking over factories more closely |
| B．raising their payment and improving the system of education |
| C．improving laws of protecting children’s interests |
| D．punishing lawbreakers with severer fines |
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词，并请将答案写在答题纸上。
The family sphere (范围) used to be defined by its isolation from the public realm. There was the public male realm (领域) of "rational accomplishment" and cruel competition, and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition (直觉) and emotion. The private realm was supposed to be isolated from the realities of adult life. For both better and worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable (可渗透的). TV takes public events and transforms them into dramas that are played out in the privacy of our living rooms, kitchens and bedrooms.
Parents used to be the channel through which children learned about the outside world. They could decide what to tell their children and when to tell it to them. Since children learn to read in stages, books provide a kind of natural screening process, where adults can decide what to tell and not tell children of different reading abilities. Television destroyed the system that separated adult from child knowledge and separated information into year-by-year slices for children of different ages. Instead, it presents the same information directly to children of all ages, without going through adult filters.
So television presents a real challenge to adults. While a parent can read a newspaper without sharing it with children in the same room, television is accessible to everyone in that space. And unlike books, television doesn’t allow us to flip (翻转) through it and see what’s coming up. We may think we’re giving our children a lesson in science by having them watch the Challenger take off, and then suddenly they learn about death, disaster and adult mistakes.
Books allow adults to discuss privately what to tell or not tell children. This also allows parents to keep adult material secret from children and keep their secret keeping secret. Take that same material and put it on The Today Show and you have 800,000 children hearing the very things the adults are trying to keep from them. "Television takes our kids across the globe before parents give them permission to cross the street."
More importantly, children gradually learn that adults are worried and anxious about being parents. Actually, television has also places families under a lot of stress.
How Television Changes Childhood?
| Main comparisons | Contexts |
| Distance between 1 and the outside. | Homes used to be isolated from the 2 realm. |
| Homes nowadays are 3 to the outside world. | |
| Media through which children can obtain information | In the past, children might learn 4 about the outside world with the help of parents and 5 . |
| More information is got directly through TV and other electronic media, which breaks down the 6 between adult world and the child world. | |
| 7 of the information children get | Traditionally, kids could only knew what they should learn at their age, carefully 8 by their parents. |
| Everything can possibly be known by children, including many aspects of 9 life. | |
| Effects on family education | |
| Parental instruction | Families are now under greater stress than before. Adults are anxious about being parents and faced with new 10 . |
The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills that they need to be confident, happy and clever.
Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework.
Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and lots of self-confidence.
Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not merely teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important.
1. Generally speaking, children’s skills __________.
|
A．come from their parents |
|
B．have nothing to do with their education |
|
C．may be different from child to child |
|
D．have something to do with their marks in the exams |
2. The writer of this passage does not seem to be satisfied with_______.
|
A．the parents’ ideas of educating their children |
|
B．the education system |
|
C．children’s skills |
|
D．children’s hobbies |
3. Doing some cooking at home helps children_________.
|
A．learn how to serve their parents |
|
B．learn how to become strong and fat |
|
C．benefit from it and prepare themselves for the future |
|
D．make their parents believe that they are clever |
4. According to the passage, which of the following is True?
|
A．Chinese are not very generous on educating their children. |
|
B．All Parents know how to teach their children well. |
|
C．Teaching a child to cook can improve the skills that he will need in the future. |
|
D．Poor parents cannot buy a computer for their children. |
5. Cooking_____
A demands patience B demands time.
C. is an enjoyable but difficult experience.
D.above all