题目内容

考--Jenny took the 8:00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.

--Really? She _________ the 9:00 train. It’s much more comfortable and safer to travel by train.

A. could have taken B. should take

C. must have taken D. can take

 

A

【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:---今天上午Jenny乘8点的公共汽车去了广州。---真的吗?她本能坐9点的火车的。坐火车比公共汽车舒适、安全的多。

 

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Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?

UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.

Nitrogen(氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi(真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元)in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.

“We didn’t take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

1.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees .

A. compete for survival

B. protect their own wealth

C. depend on each other

D. provide support for dying trees

2.“Mother trees” are extremely important because they .

A. look the largest in size in the forest

B. pass on nutrition to young trees

C. seem more likely to be cut down by humans

D. know more about the complex “tree societies”

3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .

A. how “tree societies” work

B. how trees grow old

C. how forestry industry develops

D. how young trees survive

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans

B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection

C. Trees Are More Awesome Thart You Think

D. Trees Contribute To Our Society

 

Life on earth depends on water, and there is no substitute for it. The current assumption is that our basic needs for water — whether for drinking, agriculture, industry or the raising of fish will always have to be met. Given that premise(前提), there are two basic routes we can go: more access to water or more engineering solutions (more dams, for instance).

Looking at the engineering solution first, a lot of my research concentrates on what happens to wetlands when you build dams in river basins, particularly in Africa. The ecology of such areas is almost entirely driven by the seasonal regime of the river, or rather, the pulse of the water. And the fact is that if you build a dam, you generally spoil the downstream ecology. In the past, such problems have been hidden by a lack of information. But in the next century, governments will have no excuse for their ignorance. The engineers ability to control water flows has created new kinds of unpredictability. Dams in Africa have meant fewer fish, less grazing and less agriculture — none of which were expected.

The challenge for the next century is to find new means of controlling water. Although GM technology will allow us to breed better dry-land crops, there is no market stimulation for companies to develop crops suitable for the micro-climates of the Sahel and elsewhere in Africa. Who is going to pay for research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World?

This brings us to the key issue in any discussion of water: money. In the next century, just consider the problems of water supply in Mexico City or Delhi. If you’re rich, you drink mineral water and may even have a swimming pool — yet millions in such cities can’t get safe drinking water. People talk about the coming water crisis. I believe we have one now. It is a water crisis for the poor.

1. According to the passage, what are the two ways to solve the problem of water crisis? (no more than 8 words) (2 marks)

 

2. What will happen when dams are built in river basins in Africa? (no more than 6 words) (3marks)

 

3.Why are companies not willing to develop locally appropriate crops for Third World? (no more than 6 words) (3 marks)

 

4.What is the tone of the passage? (no more than 1 words) (2 marks)

 

 

Commuters (上下班往返的人) who drive to work will face a parking charge of up to £350 a year.Ministers are backing a workplace parking charge which will come into force in Nottingham in 2013 and is likely to be adopted across the country.The scheme will see firms with more than ten parking places for staff charged £350 a year for each space in two years.

Employers would be free to pass on the charge to their staff—meaning it would effectively be a tax on driving to work.The scheme aims to reduce traffic by preventing unnecessary car journeys and raise funds to improve public transport,but critics say it is just an excuse for councils to fill their coffers (金库).

Some ten million Britons drive to work each day,and the British Chambers of Commerce says the new charge could total £3.4 billion a year if rolled out nationwide.

Already some firms in Nottingham have threatened to leave the city,where 40,000 commuters use their cars to get to work.A spokesman said the scheme was nothing more than a tax on jobs.“It is very unfair to discriminate against those employers who have parking spaces,which get vehicles off the streets,” he said.“And these charges apply around the clock,which is especially unfair on shift workers who rely on their cars because public transport is not available.This is more about increasing the government’s income than reducing traffic.”

However,Transport Minister Sadiq Khan gave the plan an official approval during a visit to Nottingham. The council says the tax will raise as much as £100 million over ten years—one fifth of the cost of a new transport system for the city.

Another transport spokesman Theresa Villiers said the tax would have a devastating impact on businesses struggling to cope with the economic decline.

But Richard Hebditch of the Campaign for Better Transport said the tax would raise money to invest in better transport.“We put forward the idea of workplace parking taxes as a fairer way to raise money to invest in the future local transport services.We are pleased that the people of Nottingham will be the first to benefit.”

1.Supporters argue that the scheme________.

A.can help improve the parking conditions for the staff

B.should be applied to ail commuters driving to work

C.is certain to be carried out despite the objections

D.will relieve traffic pressure and improve public transport

2.According to the objectors,the scheme is unfair for________.

A.the firms with parking lots

B.the workforce without cars

C.the employees parking their cars on the streets

D.the staff driving to work in the daytime

3.Which word can best describe Theresa Villiers’s attitude towards the scheme?

A.Neutral. B.Negative.

C.Understanding. D.Positive.

4.It can be inferred from the passage that________.

A.many firms are willing to pay the charges for their staff

B.the public transport in Nottingham is in great need of improvement

C.the author believes Britons will benefit from the scheme

D.those firms with more commuters will leave Nottingham

 

In the 1950s,a family who owned a farm near Beulah,Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm (榆树).The bull paced around the tree,dragging the heavy iron chain,which led to a groove (槽) in the bark.The groove deepened over the years,though for whatever reason,it did not kill the tree.

After some years,the family took their bull away.They cut the chain,leaving the loop (圈) around the tree and one link hanging down.

Then one year,agricultural disaster struck Michigan in the form of Dutch Elm Disease.All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected and died.Everyone thought that the old elm would be next.

The farm’s owners considered doing the safe thing:pulling it out and cutting it up into firewood before it died.But they simply could not bring themselves to do it.It was as if the old tree had become a family friend.So they decided to let_nature_take_its_course.

Amazingly,the tree did not die.Nobody could understand why it was the only elm that was still standing in the country!

Plant pathologists(病理学家) from Michigan State University came out to observe the tree.They observed the scar left by the iron chain,now almost completely covered by bark.The plant experts decided that it was the chain that saved the elm’s life.They reasoned that the tree must have absorbed so much iron from the chain that it became immune (免疫) to the fungus (真菌).

It’s said that what doesn’t kill you will make you stronger.Or,as Ernest Hemimgway put it,“Life breaks us all,but afterwards,many of us are strongest at the broken places.”

1.What happened to the elms in Michigan during the agricultural disaster?

A.The elms were tied by iron chains.

B.Some of the elms were cut up into firewood.

C.All the elms were infected by a disease and died.

D.Nearly all of the elms died of a disease.

2.From the passage we can learn that the old elm was saved by________.

A.the groove in the bark B.the fungus in the tree

C.the iron remaining in it D.its own immune system

3.The underlined sentence “let_nature_take_its_course” means______.

A.leave the elm at the mercy of nature

B.help the elm grow normally

C.let nature take the elm away

D.have nature give a lesson to the elm

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Never Lose Heart in Trouble

B.Strike While the Iron is Hot

C.Brave to Face Failure

D.Stronger after Suffering

 

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