题目内容

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back to as far as 7000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo was being used in ancient people’s daily lives. It was used for food, clothing, housing, transportation, 1.(music) instruments and even weapons.

The 2.(apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, 3.(lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation network in the world, in which bamboo played 4. important role. The world’s oldest water pipe was also 5.(make) of bamboo. During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan 6.(success) sank a 1600-metre-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe7. the 19th century, and it was by using the technology 8. the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Chinese culture, bamboo is well-known as 9. of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men, bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty. It is always closely related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when 10.(face) tough situations.

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“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher. ”You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a predecessor（前任） at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March (possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.

He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning: “Experience is respected; experience is sought; experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves （涉及） serious complications（复杂化）, ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.

In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says “The more accurately（精确的） reality is presented, the less understandable the story, and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”

Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding: Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.

1.According to the text, James March is ____________.

A. a poet who uses experience in his writing

B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university

C. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions

D. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

B. Experience makes stories more accurate.

C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

3.What’s the purpose of this text?

A. To explain experiential learning.

B. To describe a researcher.

C. To introduce a book.

D. To discuss organizational decision making.

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在此处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面写出增加的词；

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉；

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。

One day a lady saw a mouse running across his kitchen floor. She was very afraid of mice, so she ran out of the house, getting on a bus and went to a nearby shop. Here she bought a mousetrap and was advised to put any cheese in it. The lady went home with her mousetrap, and could not find any cheese. She had no choice but cut a picture of some cheese out of a magazine and put it in the trap. Surprising, the picture of the cheese is quite “successful”! When the lady came down to the kitchen in the next morning, she found a picture of a mouse in the trap besides the picture of the cheese!

Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.

Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.

Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.

Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet — and stopped him cold.”

Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.

So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.

1.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?

A. He faced huge risks.

B. He lacked mighty forces.

C. Fear prevented him from trying.

D. Failure blocked his way to success.

2.What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?

A. His physical strength.B. His basic skill.

C. His real fear.D. His spiritual force.

3.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A. To encourage people to be courageous.

B. To advise people to build up physical power.

C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.

D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.

“Indeed,” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.

Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”, and since the 1940s it has been annoying.

We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”

1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.

A. Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug

B. George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug

C. the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century

D. both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century

2.What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A. Explanation.B. Finding.C. Origin.D. Fault.

3.The passage is mainly concerned with ________.

A. the misunderstanding of the word bug

B. the development of the word bug

C. the public views of the word bug

D. the special characteristics of the word bug

It was on the early afternoon of a mid-October day in 2012. Bismark Mensah, who came to America several months ago, was collecting carts (手推车) outside a Walmart in Federal Way. It was a part-time job for him. He earned $9.05 an hour in charge of getting carts out of the parking lot.

He was used to finding stuff in carts that customers had somehow forgotten — keys, credit cards, wallets. And he turned them into a customer service. But a particular item stood out. It was a white envelope with a clear window in the middle, and there was a lot of cash in it, around $20,000. Mensah turned them into customer services.

Because of what he did that afternoon, Mensah is now the winner of Walmart’s national 2013 “Integrity(正直) in Action Award”.

Bismark Mensah says that since the story ran, he has become the model the youth in Ghana (his native country).

He is now employed full-time at the Federal Way Walmart, earning $10.95 an hour, up from the $9.05 an hour he earned working part-time.

Mensah, 33, no longer collects carts and such. He is in the backroom, dealing with inventory(库存). “I want to learn everything about operating a store like Walmart store,” he says. He plans to return to Ghana to run some shops owned by his family. He also plans to go to college and earn a degree in business administration.

1.What does Mensah do in Walmart now?

A. Collect carts.

B. Deal with inventory.

C. Checks out the groceries.

D. Ensures Walmart’s security.

2.What’s Mensah’s future plan?

A. To teach in college.

B. To run his own shops.

C. To earn a degree in arts.

D. To work in a big factory.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Mensah comes from a poor family in Ghana.

B. Mensah can hardly make himself understood in America.

C. Mensah will help set up some Walmart branches in Ghana.

D. Mensah has set an example for the youth in his own country.

4.What lesson can we learn from the story of Mensah?

A. It’s never too late to learn.

B. Don’t judge by appearance.

C. Honesty is a valuable quality.

D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

You're not doomed to toss and turn every night. Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that relate to your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple sleep tips.

No. 1: Stick to a sleep schedule

Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Being consistent reinforces （加强） your body's sleep—wake cycle and helps promote better sleep at night. If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you're tired.

No. 2: Pay attention to what you eat and drink

Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Also limit how much you drink before bed, to prevent disruptive middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine — which take hours to wear off — can ruin quality sleep.

No. 3: Create a bedtime ritual

Do the same things each night to tell your body it's time to wind down. This might include taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book, or listening to light music. Be careful of using the TV or other electronic devices as part of your bedtime ritual. Some research suggests that screen time or other media use before bedtime has impact on sleep.

No. 4: Get comfortable

Create a room that's ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs.

Your mattress and pillow can contribute to better sleep, too. Since the features of good bedding are subjective, choose what feels most comfortable to you. If you have children or pets, set limits on how often they sleep with you — or insist on separate sleeping quarters.

No. 5: Limit daytime naps

Long daytime naps can affect nighttime sleep — especially if you're struggling with poor sleep quality at night. If you choose to nap during the day, limit yourself to about 10 to 30 minutes and make it during the mid-afternoon.

If you work nights, you'll need to make an exception to the rules about daytime sleeping. In this case, keep your window coverings closed so that sunlight — which adjusts your internal clock — doesn't interrupt your daytime sleep.

No. 6: Include physical activity in your daily routine

Regular physical activity can promote better sleep, helping you to fall asleep faster and to enjoy deeper sleep. Timing is important, though. If you exercise too close to bedtime, you might be too energized to fall asleep. If this seems to be an issue for you, exercise earlier in the day.

No. 7: Manage stress

When you have too much to do — and too much to think about — your sleep is likely to suffer. To help restore peace to your life, consider healthy ways to manage stress. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and dividing tasks. Give yourself permission to take a break when you need one. Share a good laugh with an old friend.

Nearly everyone has an occasional sleepless night — but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sleep you deserve.

1.Which of the following is helpful to have quality sleep at night?

A. Listening to light music before bed.

B. Working out in the gym only in the day time.

C. Using expensive pillows that sell well.

D. Drinking lots of water instead of coffee before bed.

2.Which of the following sleep tips is not mentioned in the passage?

A. Control your daytime sleep time.

B. Adopt healthy ways to handle stress.

C. Follow a flexible sleep timetable.

D. Schedule your daily physical activities.

3.According to the passage, in what situation do you need to contact your doctor?

A. You can not nap in the day time.

B. You frequently have trouble sleeping.

C. You do not fall asleep within 15 minutes.

D. You have too much to think about before bed.

4.What’s the purpose of this passage?

A. To provide advice on promoting better sleep at night.

B. To inform readers of different sleep habits before bed.

C. To offer tips on various relaxing activities before bed.

D. To convince readers of the importance of quality sleep at night.

“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day!” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.

“Have a nice day. Next!” This version(版本) of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.

The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”

The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.

Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

1.How does the author understand Maxie’s word?

A. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.

B. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.

C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.

D. Maxie really worries about the author’s security (安全).

2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. The salesgirl is rude.

B. The salesgirl is bored.

C. The salesgirl cares about me.

D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine(惯例).

3.By saying “Have a nice day.” a stranger may ________.

A. express respect to you

B. give his blessing to you

C. try to be friendly to you

D. share his pleasure with you

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A. Have a nice day—a meaningless expression

B. Have a nice day—a Heart-warming Greeting

C. Have a nice day—a Social Custom

D. Have a nice day—a Polite Ending of a Conversation

Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female（女性）scientist, became the first Chinese to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct 5. Before that, she ever won the 2011 Lasker Award for finding out artemisinin (Qinghaosu), which saved millions of lives. She was grateful（感激的）for the Lasker prize, but said, “It is just a scientist’ duty. I will go on fighting for the health of all humans.”

Tu kept her work in the 1960s and 1970s. In that age, Malaria (疟疾) could took away people’s health. Scientists all over the world had already tried over 240, 000 times but failed. Tu Youyou, a member of the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, began to study Chinese herbs.

Before 2011, people didn’t know Tu very much. Many friends played jokes with her “the Professor of Three None's” : no degree（学位）, no study experience abroad, not a member of any Chinese national colleges. But she is hard-working. She read a lot of traditional Chinese medicine books and did a lot of researches on the disease.

In February, 2012, Tu was named National Outstanding Females (One of the Ten) Tu is now a model of Chinese medical workers.

1.Artemisinin is used to ________.

A. make medicineB. make food

C. get awardD. do the experiment

2.In the 1960s and 1970s ________ could find ways to stop the Malaria.

A. Scientists in China B. only Tu Youyou

C. Scientists all over the world D. no scientist

3.Tu Youyou became very famous ____________.

A. in the 1960sB. in 1970

C. before 2011D. after 2012

4.From Tu Youyou’s story, we know that she is a ___________ woman.

A. friendlyB. kindC. cleverD. hard-working

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