The preventive measures for forest fires include some pre-emptive(抢先的)methods that can help re?duce the risks of fires and control their severity and spread,and thus, maintain ecological balance and pro?tect resources. Close monitoring of forest fires caused by natural factors can help prevent their spread to a large extent. To contain forest fires, fire departments usually use water and chemical fire retardants(抑制剂)that can be dropped from planes and helicopters. To control the spread of wildfire, firefighters usually create a control line by removing all fuel from an area so that the fire cannot travel across it.

Controlled burns are often employed by government authorities to reduce fuel build-up,and clean up the fall?en leaves,and thus,prevent the spread of forest fires to a vast area. Regular controlled burns can also help main?tain biodiversity(生物多样性),as the smoke and heat produced in the process can facilitate (促进)the growth of seeds of certain plant species. Apart from these, re?sponsible human behaviour can help reduce the number of forest fires to a great extent. In fact, we can reduce the number of wildfire dramatically by not leaving be?hind any source of fire in the forest.

Forest fires can affect climate and weather to a great extent, besides causing severe damage to valuable trees. Wildfire can increase the level of greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon dioxide, etc. ) , and therefore in?crease pollution and global warming. However, they are also an important part of the ecosystem,and many plants depend on the heat and smoke generated by wildfire for their growth and reproduction. But large wildfire can cause extensive damage to the ecosystem, which again highlights the importance of effective control and pre?vention of forest fires.

1. Firefighters get rid of all fuel in an area in order to A.  keep close monitoring of forest fires

B.    prevent the forest fire from occurring

C.    protect the animals there

D.    stop the wildfire from spreading

2.    The government arranges some controlled burns to

A.    burn the rubbish and keep the forest clean

B.    help keep ecological balance of nature

C.    reduce fuel build-up and limit forest fires to spread

D.    provide reasonable conditions for some plants' growth

3.    The last paragraph tells us that      .

A.    the greenhouse gases are caused mainly by wild?fire

B.    wildfire has both positive and negative effects

C.    people should be aware of the necessity of wildfire

D.    all the valuable trees disappear owing to wildfire

4.    What may be the best title for this passage?

A.    Control and prevention of forest fires

B.    How to keep ecological balance

C.    Effects of forest fires

D.    Methods of fire spread control

China's new term, Tuhao, may be in next year's Oxford English Dictionary. The word caught the at?tention of the dictionary's editing team after BBC's re?cent programme on influential Chinese words. "If its in?fluence continues, it is very likely to appear on our up?dated list of words," said Julie Kleeman, project manag?er with the editing team.

In Chinese "tu" means uncouth(笨拙的)and "hao" means rich. It has traditionally been referred to rich people who throw their weight around inChina's coun?tryside. The word became more popular in September with the launch of Apple's new gold-coloured iPhone, which is loved byChina's rich people. The colour be?came known as "Tuhao gold". The word is now also used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it. Kleeman also mentioned two other Chinese words―Dama and Hukou―which may also make it into the dictionary.

People can have an intuitive(直观的)grasp of the meanings if they see pinyin, Kleeman said, adding that people avoid using an English word to keep the original meaning.

"We have nearly 120 Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary," she said. Some of them are guanxi, which means connection and taikonaut, a mix of taikong, meaning outer space, and astronaut.

The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the dictionaries arrive. The online ver?sion is also renewed every three months. "It at least broke our old rules. It used to take 10 years to include a new word but now we keep the pace with the time," ac?cording to a statement from ex-chief-editor John Simpson.

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE accord?ing to the text?

A.    Dama and Hukou have made it into Oxford Eng?lish Dictionary.

B.    Some influential Chinese words appeared on one of BBC's recent programmes.

C.    Tuhao refers to people who have both the cash and the class.

D.    John Simpson thinks that it is not good to break old rules.

 

2.    What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.    Give orders to others.

B.    Get ready to help others.

C.    Go on a diet.

D.    Put on weight.


3.    Tuhao becomes more popular in September partly because   .

A.    it is very likely to appear in Oxford English Dictionary

B.    it is often used by the online community

C.    people use Chinese pinyin to keep the original meaning

D.    Apple launched a new gold-coloured iPhone


4.    The main idea of the text is that   .

A.    Tuhao may end up in Oxford English Dictiona?ry

B.    sometimes pinyin makes Chinese words better understood

C.    Tuhao has a new meaning at the present time

D.    Ox ford English Dictionary includes new words faster than before

K.完形填空(记叙文)

It was one of the happiest Saturday mornings I had spent with my daughter, Gigi. That was, until two strangers threw her into their car and sped away. It seemed like a bad dream. I could 5 speak when the police questioned me.

After that, the policeman asked me to go home to wait. My friend Gloria came to 6 me. She took my hand and gave me a 7 . It was a picture of a little girl 8 asleep in her bed, standing by the bed was a tall, blond(金发的) 9 . We prayed and waited by the phone until sunset. The    10    never rang Suddenly, the front door swung open. I looked up and   11   There stood Gigi. I cried, throwing my 12 around her. Gigi said, "I was scared. We were going really fast on an old 13 road I'd never seen before. But then a tall man walked out 14 the car, and they ran off the road and hit a tree. Then the tall man 15 the car door and pulled me out. He was re?ally nice, and said I would be okay. I must have gone to 16 , because when I woke up it is in front of our house. He must have brought me home, "But who ―how did he know…where to bring you?" My voice broke. Gigi 17 her head. Just then Gigi noticed Gloria's picture. "That's him!" she 18 at the pic?ture. "Mummy, that's the man who pulled me out of the car!" Gloria and I turned 19 "Are you sure that's the man?" Gloria asked.  " Yeah, that's him

20 that he didn't have wings, and he was wearing blue jeans.Later that night, the police found the 21 kid?nappers. When questioned, the driver remembered turning away to   22   hitting a tall blond man.

Twenty years have gone by. We have never heard from any one claiming to have 23 Gigi. There have been no logical explanations for her 24 . But from that day on, I believe that all experiences, positive and negative , are given to us for our strengthening and learning.

5.    A. hardly               B. hard

 C.  fully                          D. full

6.    A. sympathize           B. support
C.  comfort              D. calm

7.    A. map                  B. picture
C.  bag                  D. book

 8.    A. healthily            B. sound

C.   reliably            D. reasonably

 9.    A. angel                B. man

C.   maid                D. servant

10. A. phone               B.  door bell
C.   clock              D. radio

 

11.    A. yelled              B. screamed
C.  whistled            D. whispered

12.    A. cheeks              B. shoulders
C.  arms                D. hands

13.    A. rocky               B. smooth
C.   hard               D. flat

14.    A. in back of          B.  at the bottom of
C.  on the top of       D.  in front of

15.    A. shut                B. fastened
C.  opened              D. loosened

16.    A. rest                B. sleep
C.   break              D. yawn

17.    A. shook               B. nodded
C.  rolled              D. trembled

  18.    A. referred            B. aimed

C.  pointed             D. signalled

19.    A. sunburnt            B. light
C.  weak                D. pale

20.    A. rather than         B. including
C.  except              D.  other than

21.    A. injured             B. dead
C.   harmed             D. hurt

22.    A. stop                B. avoid
C.  forbid              D. keep

  19.    A. released            B. relieved

C.  delivered          D. rescued

  24.  A. escape              B. breakout

C.  disappearance      D.  flow 

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