None of our early ancestors could digest milk as adults because their bodies never had to ----milk drinking simply wasn’t an option. As people began to extract milk from animals, though, some people developed the ability to keep drinking it throughout their lives.

     Scientists now know of a milk-related mutation ( 变异) in our genes -- the chemical instructions for life that we carry in almost every cell in our bodies. People who have a mutated form of one particular gene can drink milk just fine. People without the mutation tend to get sick from milk.

     To figure out where, and possibly why, milk drinking started, some scientists have been looking at who has the milk-digesting mutation today. Patterns are striking.

     Most adults in Northern and Central Europe are able to digest milk -- and they do. Cheese and butter and other dairy products are popular in countries such as Sweden, Denmark, Germany and England. Because European settlers dominated North America, most people here can handle milk just fine, as well. That may explain why ice cream is such a popular dessert in the United States.

     In much of Africa, Asia and South America, on the other hand, people tend to avoid dairy products because they lead to diarrhea (腹泻) and other stomach problems. (That’s why you won’t typically find cheese on the menu at a Chinese, Japanese or Ethiopian restaurant.) Native

Americans are also unable to digest milk.

     Based on these genetic patterns, scientists have long thought that- milk drinking started inNorthern Europe, where dairy is an institution and the milk-digesting mutation is everywhere.

     A recent study painted a different picture. With a computer medal, Thomas and colleagues looked at the spread of the milk-drinking mutation, farming and other related factor. Working backward, the scientists concluded that the first milk-thinkers lived in Central Europe around what’s now Hungary about 7,500 years ago. The practice didn't start farther north, as scientists had thought before.

66. Which of the following is the proper order of events according to the passage?

    a. Their children were able to digest milk as adults.

    b. They got sick from the milk.

    c. Some people got a mutation in their genes.

    d. Some people tried drinking milk from animals.

    e. Some people started to drink milk from animals on a regular basis.

    A. c→d→b→e→a   B. d→e→b→c→a  C. d →b→e→c→a   D. e→d→b→c→a

67. Most people in the USA can digest milk because __________.

   A. they have strong stomachs              B. their ancestors were Europeans

   C. that’s where milk drinking stinted        D. farmers raise a lot of cows there

68. Which of the following is LEAST likely to appear on the menu in a Japanese restaurant?

A. Butter.          B. Vinegar.          C. Fish.               D. Beef.

69. Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?

A. Milk drinking first started in Northern Europe.

B. Milk drinking first started in Central Europe.

C. North American Indians were able to digest milk.

D. Dairy products are very popular in North Korea.

70. The main focus of the scientists' research was ______________.

   A. mutation of human genes               B. development of the human stomach

   C. why milk drinking started              D. where milk drinking first started

D

       Wrting artieles about films for The Front Page was my first proper job. Before then I had done bits of reviewing --- novels for other newspapers, films for a magazine and anything I was asked to do for the radio.That was how I met Tom Seaton, the first arts editor of The Front Page, who had also written for television.He hired me, but Tom was not primarily a journalist, or he would certainly have been more careful in choosing his staff.

       At first, his idea was that a team of critics should take care of the art forms that didn’t require specialized knowledge: books, TV, theatre, film and radio.There would be a weekly lunch at which we would make our choices from the artistic material that Tom had decided we should cover, though there would also be guests to make the atmosphere sociable.

       It all felt like a bit of dream at that time: a new newspaper and I was one of the team.It seemed so unlikely that a paper could be introduced into a crowded market.It seemed just as likely that a millionaire wanted to help me personally, and was pretending to employ me.Such was my lack of self-confidence.

       Tom’s original scheme for a team of critics for the arts never took off.It was a good idea, but we didn’t get together as planned and so everything was done by phone.It turned out, too, that the general public out there preferred to associate a reviewer with a single subject area, and so I chose film.Without Tom’s initial push, though, we would hardly have come up with the present arrangement, by which I write an extended weekly piece, usually on one film.

       The space I am given allows me to broaden my argument --- or forces me, in an uninteresting week, to make something out of nothing.But what is my role in the public arena? I assume that people choose what films to go to on the basis of the stars, the publicity or the director.So if a film review isn’t really a consumer guide, what is it? I certainly don’t feel I have a responsibility to be ‘right’ about a movie.Nor do I think there should be a certain number of ‘great’ and ‘bad’ films each year.All I have to do is put forward an argument.I’m not a judge, and nor would I want to be.

67.What do we learn about Tom Seaton from the first paragraph?

       A.He encouraged Mark to become a writer.

       B.He had worked in various areas of the media.

       C.He met Mark when working for television.

       D.He prefers to employ people that he knows.

68.The weekly lunches were planned in order to       .

       A.help the writers get to know each other

       B.provide an informal information session

       C.distribute the work that had to be done

       D.entertain important visitors from the arts

69.What does the author mean when he says that Tom’s plan ‘never took off’ in Paragraph 4?

       A.It was unpopular.    

       B.It wasted too much time.

       C.It wasn’t planned properly.

       D.It wasn’t put into practice.

70.Which of the following best describes what Mark says about his work?

       A.His success varies from year to year.

       B.He prefers to write about films he likes.

       C.He can freely express his opinion.

       D.He writes according to accepted rules.

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