题目内容
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Reflecting (深思) is a special kind of thinking. In the first-place, it’s both active and controlled. When ideas pass aimlessly through your head, that is not reflecting. When someone tells you a story and suddenly makes you remember something that happened to you, that is not reflecting either. Reflecting means focusing your attention. It means weighing, considering, and choosing. Suppose you’re going home, and when you get there, you turn the knob (门的球形把手), the door opens and you step in. Getting into your home does not require reflection. But now suppose that when you turn the knob, the door does not open. To get into the house, some reflecting is in order. You have to think about what you are going to do. You have to imagine possibilities and consider choices.
The second way that reflecting is different from some other kinds of thinking is that it’s persistent（连续的）. It requires continuous effort. Suppose you’re still trying to get through your front door. You check your pocket for the key. You walk around the house looking for an open window. You go to a phone to call a family member who has a key. Such behaviour is proof of persistent reflective thinking. And if someone asks you what you are doing, you may say that you are trying to figure out how to get into your house. But suppose, instead, you go to a nearby record store and look through the new records. If someone asks you what you are doing and you say that you are trying to figure out how to get into your house, that will not make sense. You are only reflecting as long as you stick to the problem or task.
The third way that reflecting is different from some other kinds of thinking is that it’s careful. It aims at making sense. That doesn’t mean that reflecting cannot be imaginative. A great deal of reflection could go into writing a science-fiction story about people who can move through solid objects. The ability to walk through walls could make sense in a science-fiction story. But it wouldn’t make much sense in trying to get through your locked front door. Such imagining would be a kind of thinking, but it would not be reflection.
Title: 71._____________
|
72. __________ from the other kinds of thinking |
Characteristics of them |
73.__________ of reflecting |
Not actions of reflecting |
|
Active and 74._____________ |
75. _________ your attention |
●going through the open window |
●opening the door and 79._________in |
|
Persistent |
Continuous 76. _________ |
●asking the family member for 78.________ |
●going to the nearby record store |
|
Careful |
77. __________ sense |
|
●imagine 80.______ through walls |
71. Reflection 72. Differences 73. Actions 74. controlled 75. focusing
76. effort 77. making 78. help 79. stepping 80. walking
【解析】
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the‘‘sixth sense"of direction．By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer．
One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南针)．
Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体)．So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines
itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south．When people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on oceanvoyages, even under
cloudy skies.
Actuallly the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature．
Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes．Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns．But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can they do that?
A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon．Not all pigeons can find their way home．Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied．
One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their
magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going．But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way．It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense．
Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees．These insects also seem to have a special sense ot direction．
In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary．How
would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.
An answer came from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the
mud of ponds and marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in
one direction—north．
Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which
proved magnetic．The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the
earth’s magnet．
The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led
to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In each
animal，except for the bee．the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain．
Thus．the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable．
| The Magnetic Sense — The Living Compass | |
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass | ◇Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south. ◇(72) ▲ on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented. |
| The possibility of birds’ built-in compasses | ◇ One piece of evidence is the (73) ▲ of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes. ◇ Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74) ▲ under cloudy skies |
| The (75) ▲ on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses | ◇Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76) ▲ their magnetic sense. ◇The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) ▲ days. ◇Similar things with the same results were done with bees. |
| The (78) ▲ of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass | ◇Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) ▲ . ◇Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) ▲ inside their bodies. |
第Ⅱ卷 (两部分，共35分)
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
OPTIMISM HELPED US PERSEVERE(坚持)
Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner of penguin(企鹅) and some dynamic music to make a man feel more cheerful again.
Life now fell into a regular pattern. Just keeping alive took all our time and energy. For example, we had to gather fresh water by grasping and then melting sea-ice. If this drinking But melting the ice was a problem. With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke but had he advantage of burning strongly in fierce winds. We could also eat the remains when the fire died down.
Food was also a problem as there were no vegetables or fruit to be found. As one of’ our group, Lionel Greenstreet noted in his diary after a few weeks how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat -- seal steaks, cooked seal, penguin steaks, cooked penguin liver.” As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cook these animals, so I was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could. It was difficult.
We had to be very particular about our personal care because a changeable temperature could harm us. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. Becoming too hot led to sweating and this could freeze very quickly. Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes. The ice and snow reflected dangerous rays from the sun so that if we did not wear sunglasses we would suffer from sun-blindness.
Four months of this was as much as the twenty-two of us could bear in this bone-numbing cold. We were lucky that our group wolf worked hard to show an admirable mental attitude and dealt with our ever-present fears in a positive and successful way. Above all, Shackleton encouraged us to have celebrations: for birthdays, festivals or even just because of a good catch of penguin. This kept us cheerful and encouraged harmony in the group.
When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to a warm bed, good food and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he had repaid us by his commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death.
|
Main Points |
Details |
|
Setting |
Shackleton and his boat having (71) ▲ away, we stayed on Elephant Island, feeling low and discouraged. A dinner of penguin and dynamic music (72) ▲ us up. |
|
Water problem |
To gather fresh water, we grasped and then melt sea-ice by(73) ▲ seal fat. |
|
(74) ▲ problem |
Food lacked variety, with only meat from seals and penguins. |
|
Personal care |
● Sweating from wearing too many clothes and(75) ▲ from wearing too few could do harm to us. ● We needed to be (76) ▲ of the eyes’ being harmed by the dangerous reflected rays from the sun. |
|
(77) ▲ for our survival |
● Our positive (78) ▲ ● Having celebrations ● Harmony in the group |
|
Ending |
Four months later, we were (79) ▲ by Shackleton. And he (80) ▲ his promise. |
第II卷 (两部分, 共35分)
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson will visit China's largest lake next week on a trip that will highlight global environmental challenges.
Paulson will hold talks in Beijing with President Hu Jintao that will focus on the Strategic（战略）Economic Dialogue, high-level discussions launched last year in an effort to deal with economic tensions between the US and China.
"This trip is part of an ongoing process to strengthen our strategic economic relationship to address long-term issues such as working with China to rebalance its growth and increase the flexibility(弹性) of its currency(货币) and also to deal with short-term issues as they arise." Paulson said Tuesday in announcing the trip.
Paulson will begin the trip with a visit July 30 to Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in the country and an example of some of the environmental challenges facing China as it struggles to deal with pollution.
"The only way to make progress on climate change is to engage all the large economies, developed and developing, to work toward embracing cleaner technology and reducing giving off gas." Paulson said. "What's happening with the environment in the middle of China not only affects the local climate and economy but also the global climate and economy."
Paulson will meet on July 31 in Beijing with Hu and Vice Premier Wu Yi, who is leading the Chinese side in the strategic dialogue talks.
The administration is coming under pressure from Congress to show results from these discussions, particularly in the area of currency values. American manufacturers think that the yuan is undervalued by as much as 40 percent, which makes Chinese products cheaper for US consumers but makes it more difficult for US products to be sold in China.
The first strategic dialogue session was held in Beijing last December with a follow-up meeting in Washington in May. The two countries have promised to meet twice a year with the next session to take place in China later this year. An exact date has not yet been announced.
The Treasury Department said in a statement announcing the trip that Paulson in his meetings with Chinese leaders would raise issues of concern to Congress as well as follow up on issues that were regarded as most important items at the May meeting of the strategic dialogue.
|
Henry Paulson’s trip to China |
|
|
(71)_____ |
July 30 |
|
The (72) _____ place of his visit |
Qinghai Lake |
|
The (73) _____ of his visit |
To hold talks in Beijing with President Hu Jintao that will focus on the Strategic Economic Dialogue, high-level discussions （74）_____last year in an effort to deal with economic tensions between the US and China. To （75）_____long-term issues such as working with China to rebalance its growth and increase the flexibility of its currency and also to deal with short-term issues as they arise. |
|
The important people he will visit |
（76）_____Hu Jintao and Vice Premier Wu Yi |
|
The （77）_____for his visit |
Under pressure from （78）_____ |
|
Which session is to be held next time? |
The（79）_____session is to take place in China later this year. |
|
What is to be talked about with Hu Jintao? |
Issues of （80）_____to Congress. |
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the‘‘sixth sense"of direction．By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer．
One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南针)．
Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体)．So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines
itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south．When people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on oceanvoyages, even under
cloudy skies.
Actuallly the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature．
Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes．Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns．But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can they do that?
A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon．Not all pigeons can find their way home．Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied．
One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their
magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going．But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way．It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense．
Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees．These insects also seem to have a special sense ot direction．
In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary．How
would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.
An answer came from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the
mud of ponds and marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in
one direction—north．
Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which
proved magnetic．The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the
earth’s magnet．
The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led
to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In each
animal，except for the bee．the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain．
Thus．the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable．
|
The Magnetic Sense— The Living Compass |
|
|
Passage outline |
Supporting details |
|
The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass |
◇Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south. ◇(72) ▲ on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented. |
|
The possibility of birds’ built-in compasses |
◇ One piece of evidence is the (73) ▲ of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes. ◇ Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74) ▲ under cloudy skies |
|
The (75) ▲ on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses
|
◇Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76) ▲ their magnetic sense. ◇The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) ▲ days. ◇Similar things with the same results were done with bees. |
|
The (78) ▲ of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass |
◇Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) ▲ . ◇Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) ▲ inside their bodies. |
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the‘‘sixth sense"of direction．By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer．
One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南针)．
Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体)．So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines
itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south．When people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on oceanvoyages, even under
cloudy skies.
Actuallly the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature．
Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes．Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns．But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can they do that?
A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon．Not all pigeons can find their way home．Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied．
One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their
magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going．But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way．It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense．
Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees．These insects also seem to have a special sense ot direction．
In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary．How
would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.
An answer came from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the
mud of ponds and marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in
one direction—north．
Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which
proved magnetic．The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the
earth’s magnet．
The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led
to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In each
animal，except for the bee．the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain．
Thus．the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable．
|
The Magnetic Sense— The Living Compass |
|
|
Passage outline |
Supporting details |
|
The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass |
◇Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south. ◇(72) ▲ on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented. |
|
The possibility of birds’ built-in compasses |
◇ One piece of evidence is the (73) ▲ of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes. ◇ Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74) ▲ under cloudy skies |
|
The (75) ▲ on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses
|
◇Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76) ▲ their magnetic sense. ◇The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) ▲ days. ◇Similar things with the same results were done with bees. |
|
The (78) ▲ of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass |
◇Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) ▲ . ◇Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) ▲ inside their bodies. |