Biologists believe that love is fundamentally a biological rather than a cultural construct, because the capacity for love is found in all human cultures and similar behavior is found in some other an 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Biologists believe that love is fundamentally a biological rather than a cultural construct, because the capacity for love is found in all human cultures and similar behavior is found in some other animals. In humans the purpose of all the desire is to focus attention on the raising of offspring. Children demand an unusual amount of parenting, and two parents are better than one. Love is a signal that both partners are committed, and makes it more likely that this commitment will continue as long as necessary for children to reach independence. But what does science have to say about the notion of love at first sight?

In recent years the ability to watch the brain in action has offered a wealth of insight into the mechanics of love. Researchers have shown that when a person falls in love, a dozen different part of brain work together to release chemicals that trigger feelings of euphoria, bonding and excitement. It has also been shown that the unconditional love between a mother and a child is associated with activity in different regions of the brain from those associated with pair-bonding love.

Passionate love is rooted in the reward circuitry of the brain—the same area that is active when humans feel a rush from cocaine. In fact, the desire, motivations and withdrawals involved in love have a great deal in common with addiction. Its most intense forms tend to be associated with the early stages of a relationship, which then give way to a calmer attachment form of love one feels with a long term partner.

What all this means is that one special person can become chemically rewarding to the brain of another. Love at first sight, then, is only possible if the mechanism for generating long-term attachment can be triggered quickly. There are signs that it can be. One line of evidence is that people are able to decide within a second how attractive they find another person. This decision appears to be related to facial attractiveness, although men may favor women with waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7, no matter what their overall weight is. (This ratio may indicate a woman’s reproductive health.)

Another piece of evidence comes from work by a psychologist at Ben-Gurion University, who found in a survey that a small percentage (11%) of people in long-term relationships said that they began with love at first sight. In other words, in some couples the initial favorable impressions of attractiveness triggered love which sustained a lengthy bond. It is also clear that some couples need to form their bonds over a longer period, and popular culture tells many tales of friends who become lovers.

One might also assume that if a person is looking for a partner with traits that cannot be quantified instantly, such as compassion, intellect or a good sense of humor, then it would be hard to form a relationship on the basis of love at first sight. Those more concerned with visual appearances, though, might find this easier. So it appears that love at first sight exists, but is not a very common basis for long-term relationships.

1.When a person falls in love, ________.

A. he feels as if he were addicted to cocaine

B. he will be committed to the beloved as long as necessary

C. he will experience a calmer attachment form of love before he feels the extreme love

D. he will experience complex feelings brought on by different regions of his brain

2.We can infer from the passage that ________.

A. pair-bonding love comes from a long stable friendship

B. the mechanism for creating long-term attachment ensures love at first sight

C. it is impossible for those ordinary-looking people to fall in love at first sight

D. men may be attracted by a girl whose figure suggests her admirable reproductive capacity

3.The underlined word “traits” in the last paragraph probably means ________.

A. characteristics

B. particular quantities in your personality

C. something typical in your temper

D. attitudes that show your moral standards

4.Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?

A. The science of love at first sight

B. The stages of passionate love

C. The biological construct of pair-bonding

D. The mechanism for generating long-term love

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How to Say No to Your Boss

Saying “no” to a request can be a difficult thing, especially when the person making the request is your boss. 1. The following steps are helpful.

1. Give yourself some time to think about the request before saying “no”.

If the request arrives via email, don’t reply right away. 2. If your boss asks you in person or on the telephone, request some time to give it thought and tell her you will get back to her by a specific time. Consider the request carefully to determine whether you have to say “no”.

2. Prepare your answer before telling your boss “no”.

Anticipate questions she might ask in response to your answer, and decide how you want to answer them. Rehearse your conversation with your boss out loud to help build your confidence before the real conversation.

3. Choose the right time and place to speak with your boss.

Have the conversation in private if your work situation allows you to get a moment alone with your boss. Keep in mind your boss’s workday pressures and work style. If she is a morning person and gets grumpy（脾气暴躁的）in the afternoon, be sure to speak with her before lunch.

4. 3.

If your boss is asking you to take on more responsibility, that shows that she has faith in your ability to do the job. Acknowledge that it means a lot to you before telling her that you feel you cannot do it.

5. Tell your boss why you have to say “no” to the request.

4. Your boss will be grateful that you answered honestly, rather than trying to take on a project you cannot handle.

6. Offer an alternative solution.

For example, if your boss asks you to serve on a committee, suggest someone else in the company that you think may be interested and capable of serving. 5.

A. Pay your boss a compliment while denying her request.

B. Even if you try your best to do everything the boss lets you do, there are times when you can’t do and have to say “no”.

C. Put yourself in your boss’s shoes and consider how the company will be affected if you refuse the request.

D. Maybe you could offer to share the workload with someone else.

E. Most employers respect honesty in their employees.

F. Try a compromise.

G. Set the request aside and think about it for a while.

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误，短文中有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US, that was very interested. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. As the old man looked over the things in the yard that was to be sold, he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. On the box was a card say, “25 cents each.” “You will never sell these for that much.” he told Nick. Convincing, Nick has brought the price up to 10 cents a piece. Without a moment’s delay, my neighbor picked up the box but announced, “I’ll take them.”

自微信开发了红包电子支付以来，电子红包开始在中国手机用户中流行开来。借助网络时代的新方法，电子红包给中国传统红包赋予了新的意义。请针对这一现象，写120词左右的的作文。

内容应包括：

1．简要描述这一社会现象

2．分析微信红包的优缺点（方便，增添欢乐…过度沉迷，浪费时间…）

3．阐述你的看法

参考词汇：压岁钱：gifting money 微信：We Chat 电子红包： Red envelopes

电子支付：electronic payments

"Red envelope" fever has swept the country since We Chat came up with a program allowing users to send cash through electronic payments.________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.

The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.

“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”

“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”

His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.

1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?

A. They seldom follow the French law.

B. They often ignore the Guianese law.

C. They are separated from the modern world.

D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.

2.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.

A. a tour guideB. a geographer

C. a film directorD. a photographer

3.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?

A. Cautious.B. Doubtful.

C. Uninterested.D. Appreciative.

4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. The modern French lifestyle. B. The self-supporting hunting.

C. The uncivilized world. D. The French Republic.

—It seems that people are becoming more and more selfish.

—How much happier life would be if we ________to the values of the past!

A. would returnB. had returned

C. returnD. were to return

The doctor suggested that I keep away from oily food, because it ________ easily.

A. isn’t digestB. doesn’t digest

C. isn’t to digestD. won’t be digested

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

When I first learned to write in English, I run into many difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into Chinese. My teacher advised me to keep diaries. I followed her advices. Happily it worked. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a short story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much that she read it to the class. Everyone said the story was the good one. I was great encouraged by their words.

What problems do you have with your study? Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. __1._

Study Techniques

You should always study in the same place. You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose. __2._ Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary.

_3.__ Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.

Test-taking Skills

All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means: do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months.

__4.__ Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too.

When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. __5.__

A. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.

B. Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface.

C. If so, use these tips to help you.

D. Be realistic and don’t try to complete too much in one study period.

E. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax.

F. You will have enough energy to deal with your study and exams by eating healthy diet.

G. Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure.

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