You can be proud of yourselves, even if you can only make one or two of these green changes. The goal here is to limit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are closely associated to the big problem of global-warming.

Strategy 1:  Bring your own cup to Starbucks
You'll get a 10-cent discount, and it's one less paper cup to end up in a dustbin.
The store won't create more waste when they throw away a cup.
Strategy 2: Turn off your computer
When in standby mode, your PC is still using energy.
Turning off a monitor for 40 hours a week may only save $ 5 a month, but it reduces CO2 by 750 pounds.
Strategy 3:  Reuse plastic bags
Instead of throwing away 100 billion plastic bags a year, try and get a second, third, or tenth use out of them. Better yet, next time you shop, try a reusable bag.
You're reducing pollution. The amount of oil it would take to make just 14 plastic bags would run your car for one mile.
Strategy 4: Use recycled paper in the bathroom
Most of the toilet paper we use is made from  trees found in forests previously untouched by humans.
If every household replaced one roll of toilet paper with a recycled one,424,000trees would still be standing. Look for eco paper towels too.
 Strategy 5: Buy energy-efficient appliances(电器)
Replace the old fridge with an Energy Star appliance and you'll use 15 percent less energy. It might be a little expensive to buy, but  you'll save money on your electricity bills and help the environment.
If we all used one Energy Star appliance at home, it would be like planting 1.7 million acres of new trees.
Strategy 6: Plant a tree
Adding green to your garden is beautiful and earth-pleasing.
Just one tree will help make cleaner air and save the environment from 5, 000 pounds of hot carbon dioxide each year.
【小题1】What is the best title for the passage?
A.Strategies to Save Money
B.Ways to be Earth-Friendly
C.Strategies to End Global-Warming
D.Ways to Limit Carbon Dioxide
【小题2】According to the writer, what will happen if our PC is switched off when not in use?
A.It will help to save a large amount of money.
B.It will help to reduce a great deal of CO2.
C.It will save the amount of oil that runs your car for a mile.
D.It will be like planting 1.7 million acres of new trees.
【小题3】Which strategies suggest recycling or reuse of things?
A.Strategies 1 & 3.B.Strategies 2 & 5.
C.Strategies 3 & 6.D.Strategies 4 & 5.
【小题4】What benefits do these strategies have in common?
A.They all help reduce the use of energy like electricity.
B.They all cut down the amount of the use of paper.
C.They all result in producing less greenhouse gases.
D.They all aid to preserve our trees and forest.

The rising costs of health care have become a problem for man y countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the state health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankruptif the patients had taken ways for early prevention. For example, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and trying to have enough vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
  One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.    
However, paying more attention to disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
【小题1】What’s the best title of the passage?

A.Prevention or Education?B.Exercise or Illness?
C.Health or Illness?D.Prevention or Treatment?
【小题2】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt”?
A.Unable to be cured.B.Unable to pay one’s debts.
C.Stronger than ever before.D.More successful than ever before.
【小题3】We learn from the passage that ______.
A.dressing warmly can prevent diseases.
B.a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise.
C.the more health education, the better.
D.the government’s health budget should be increased.
【小题4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Why must we pay taxes(税收)? The answer is that the government needs money for many things, for example, to pay its soldiers, sailors and airmen, to build roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc, and to buy goods from abroad; and only the people of the country can supply the money.
One of the most important taxes is income-tax which a person pays according to the amount of his income, whether he is a merchant, a doctor, a lawyer, a shopkeeper, a miner or anything else. This is called a “direct” tax, because it is paid in money directly to the government.
Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, jewelry, new clothes, tobacco, wine, etc, when they are brought into a country. Such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are late sold in shops. We call it “indirect” tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeepers.
People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on things that they and their families need. We need policemen to catch thieves, to see that men obey the laws, to direct traffic, etc, and they must be paid what they earn; children need education and there must be schools and teachers; we want our streets to be kept clean, and the wages of men who do this kind of work have to be paid. Above all, the country must always be ready to defend itself against attacking enemies, and we can’t have an army without paying for it. Besides, if a country wants to develop, there are many other things to do.
Taxes, therefore, cannot be avoided. We buy our food and clothes and pay for our amusements; but, there are several things that the State finds the money for, and that is necessary for us if our society is to continue. We have no real reason to complain, therefore, when we are asked to supply money to be spent for the good of ourselves and for our fellow-citizens.
Tax is a   71   part of our life
Why must we pay taxes?
⊕The State need the money for our society to   72  .
⊕We supply money for the good of ourselves and   73  .
How do we pay taxes?
⊕  74 
The tax is paid according to one’s   75  .
The tax is paid to the government.
⊕  76 
The tax is paid through   77  .
The tax is paid as part of the price of goods.
Where does tax money go?
⊕To   78  —to keep us safe
⊕To teachers—to   79 
⊕To cleaners—to   80 
⊕To the army—to defend our country

Pacing and Pausing

Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.

Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara.

It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.

The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in --- and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.

That's why slight differences in conversational style --- tiny little things like microseconds of pause --- can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems --- even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.

1.What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?

A. Betty was talkative.

B. Betty was an interrupter.

C. Betty did not take her turn.

D. Betty paid no attention to Sara.

2.According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?

A. Americans.            B. Israelis.       C. The British.            D. The Finns.

3.We can learn from the passage that ______.

A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing

B. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US

C. one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes

D. one should receive training to build up one's confidence

 

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