题目内容

    The roots of what we call“volunteerism”reach back many generations, to a time when neighbors and townspeople would come together to build and run their communities’(社区) most important organizations―everything from schools and governments to fire-fighting and self-defense．

    Besides organizations，however, this early volunteerism brought community elements more tightly together, allowing neighbors to get to know one another, to achieve something important and，more often than not to have fun._

    Today，volunteerism continues to thrive．Why? Because volunteerism gets people out of their homes，and brings them together with others who share their interests and concerns．It gives people a chance to directly improve the communalities in which they live．And it’s still fun．

    As an important part of social life，volunteer service is gaining more attention and support in the whole world．Volunteers make considerable contributors to social and economic development of the world in the fields such as humanitarian assistance(人道援助)，social welfare(福利)，education，environmental protection，health and etc．In 1985，the United Nations General Assembly announced the December 5th of each year as the International Volunteers’Day―the day for volunteers all over the world．On this day，many countries in the world organize various activities to celebrate International Volunteers’ Day and encourage volunteerism and voluntary service．

    In recent years，volunteer service in China is also developing very fast With the coming of the Olympic Games to Beijing，more and more citizens are willing to be volunteers and various voluntary organizations are set up．Olympic volunteers won’t just watch history unfold on their television screens―they’ll have a once-in-a-lifetime chance to share the excitement． and make history themselves．

 

45．What was the advantage of volunteerism many generations ago?

  A．It helped townspeople to build their houses and schools．

  B．It gave people an opportunity to improve the environment．

  C．Community elements could be held tightly together．

  D．People could share their interests and concerns．

46．The Underlined word“thrive” in Paragraph 3 can most likely be replaced by“        ”．

  A．succeed    B．develop    C．exist   D．appear

47．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?

  A．The ways that the International volunteers’Day is celebrated．

  B．The attention and support that volunteerism is gaining world wide,

  C．Volunteers’contribution to the development of the world．

  D．The foundation of the International Volunteers’Day．

48．We can infer from the passage that        ．

  A．the Chinese government quite supports volunteerism

  B．Bering Olympic Games will attract many foreign volunteers

  C．Olympic Games usually lead to volunteerism

  D．volunteers prefer to watch games on the scene

CBBA

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    Pieter Hoff retired from the flower export business seven years ago. Now, he is trying to help people grow trees and plants in the desert—and save water.

    In many places, much of the freshwater supply is used for irrigation. Yet most of that water may be lost through evaporation(蒸发) into the air. So Pieter Hoff has invented a simple plastic device called the Groasis Waterboxx. He says “If you look at nature, and I give an example, if you look to the Rocky Mountains, you find trees all over the mountains. So trees are actually able to grow on rocks. They have very strong roots. ”

    He says the trick is that nature does not dig a hole like we humans do to plant seeds. Nature plants the seeds through birds or animals on top of the soil. Their waste then acts as a cover. It prevents the humidity(湿度) in the soil from evaporating. The Dutch inventor says he is simply copying that system.

    Some people call the Waterboxx a water battery. The cover has deep ridges. These collect rainwater. But the device is designed to collect water even when there is no rain. The cover gets cold during the night and creates condensation(凝结).

    The water is collected through two holes through which water is carried to the soil. Pieter Hoff says the nice thing is that, once collected, the water is not able to evaporate anymore.

    The roots of the plant may have to grow several meters deep to reach groundwater. Once growth is established, the box can be removed and used to start another planting.

    Pieter Hoff says he is now doing experiments with twenty thousand Waterboxxes in countries including Pakistan, Ecuador and the United States. The reusable box now sells for about fifteen dollars.

64. The reason why Pieter Hoff invented the Groasis Waterboxx is probably that he tried to _______ .

A. solve the problem of evaporation

B. provide freshwater in the desert

C. do experiments with the Waterboxx

D. irrigate more trees and flowers

65. Pieter Hoff got his idea of inventing Groasis Waterboxx by _______ .

A. doing the flower export business

B. carrying fresh water for irrigation

C. studying the system of nature’s planting seeds

D. collecting water when there’s no rain

66. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, Pieter Hoff actually means _______ .

A. you can find trees on the Rocky Mountains

B. most fresh water is used to water plants

C. nature can save water by itself

D. humans dig holes to plant seeds

67. According to the passage, we can infer the Waterboxx _______ .

A. is needed before the roots of plants come out

B. cannot create condensation through its cover

C. sells well in many countries

D. can only be used once

Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants , such as the oak trees, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal’s teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar(毛虫)bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depends on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China , for instance, has prickly(多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
【小题1】The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals        .

A．can get the lower leaves easily B．like eating the lower leaves
C．like leaves with sharp spinesD．have teeth and claws
【小题2】To defend themselves , oak trees use           .
A．chemical meansB．physical means
C．bitter chemicalsD．sandy materials
【小题3】 How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?
A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
【小题4】What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Plants and AnimalsB．How Plants Defend Themselves
C．Attacks and DefensesD．How Animals Eat Plant Leaves


Jewelweeds are pretty flowers that grow in wet, shady spots all over the Northern Hemisphere. According to a recent experiment, they seem to know their own flower family —or at least, recognize whether or not they came from the same mother plant. Together with other through their leaves, but through their roots.
Scientists planted jewelweeds in pots with either siblings（兄弟姐妹）or strangers. Sibling plants were grown from seeds that came from the same mother plant. Stranger plants were grown from seeds from different plants.
When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food.
When jewelweed seedlings were planted with siblings, they few a few more branches than they normally would if they were alone—but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.
The plants only responded this way when they shared soil. If stranger seedlings were planted in different pots and placed next to each other, for example, they did not grow more leaves. This different shows that the plants must use their roots to detect sibling plants in the same soil. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach—where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the botanists observed that when sea rockets were planed with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea prickets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots, but not extra leaves.
The different types of plants may react in different ways, but they have one thing in common: the roots. In both experiments, on Jewelweeds and sea rockets, the key was the shared soil—and other plant species may turn out to show similar behavior. These experiments, as well as earlier experiments, suggest “The phenomenon is quite common.” Says Hans de Kroonof, an ecologist in the Netherlands.
57．In Paragraph 1, the author mentions a recent experiment of Jewelweeds to___________.
A．make a comparison  B．introduce a topic
C．describe a pretty flower   D．put forward a new theory
58．What can we know from the experiments done by scientists?
A．Jewelweeds can grow in the Northern Hemisphere.
B．Jewelweeds can grow in wet, shady spots.
C．Jewelweeds are more friendly to their siblings than to stranger plants.
D．jewelweeds can recognize their siblings through leaves.
59．If jewelweeds and their siblings are planted in different pots and placed close to one another, they will___________.
A．start to grow more leaves       B．detect the strangers 
C．compete with sibling plants     D．grow normally
60．The best title of the passage would be___________.
A．Flower family knows its roots
B．The growing conditions of Jewelweeds
C．Jewelweeds and sea rockets
D．The stranger plant recognize each other

The beet (甜菜) is a tasty root vegetable that does not require much work to grow. People think of beets as being always dark red，but they can also be pink，yellow or white. Beets are high in nutrients，and both the root and the tops can be eaten. The leaves make good salads when the plants are young，and the greens can be cooked when the plants are older. Beets grow best in full sun and in loose soil that is not too wet.
Remove stones from the soil while preparing the ground，and test it before adding fertilizer Beet seeds can be planted as soon as the soil can be worked at the start of the growing season. Planting them every two or three weeks will provide a continuous harvest into the fall. A beet seed is a fruit containing several seeds. Overcrowding the plants will mean that the roots cannot spread out and grow，so thin the beets by removing the smaller ones and using them as greens.
A specialist named Cindy Haynes says little or no fertilizer is needed in rich soils. Once the seeds are planted，however，she suggests covering the soil to protect it from the rain and during dry periods. She also suggests putting a fence around the plants to keep away rabbits and deer. She says the only work beets need once they have been thinned is weeding and， when the weather is dry，a weekly watering. For best results，beets should be picked when the roots are two and one-half centimeters around. Larger beets can be tough，and have to be cooked for a long time. Beets can be eaten in many ways.
60.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. How to test the soil.           B. How to plant beets
C. When to harvest beets.          D. When to plant beets.
61.Smaller beets are often removed in order to       .
A. give other beets space to grow    B. add more fertilizer to the soil
C. plant new seeds                D. use the green，young leaves in salads
62.What may the next part of the last paragraph be about?
A. When to pick beets.             B. How to eat beets.
C. The uses of beets.              D. The taste of larger beets.
63.The passage is most probably from a(n)     .
A. gardening book   B. education magazine   C. science report   D. entertainment magazine

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阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。请阅读以下学生的基本信息，为他们选择合适的团体。
【小题1】．Nancy comes from China and wants to join a club that can help her know more about   America．Her major is linguistics which requires her to know the cultural differences．And she is busy on weekends because of her part—time job．
【小题2】Catty is an outgoing person．She loves nature very much and always goes cycling around the university．Since she is not familiar with America，she wants to know more about it．
【小题3】Both of Margaret’s parents are doctors．She has been wanting to be a doctor since she was a little girl．She hopes that the club will help her get to know more about the recent development on medicine．
【小题4】Thompson always gave a performance in his middle school whenever there was an event．He loves music and movies very much．But he is busy finishing his course and has no time to attend the club meetings．
【小题5】Lucy always keeps an eye on the daily life problems that happen around the campus．She is ready to help others and she hopes that she can help more people through the club．
The information about extra curricular activities

A．Asian—American Students Union
Set up for more than thirty years，this club has been mainly focusing on the cultural differences between Asia and America．The members in this club should come from Asia or America and they will hold a meeting every Thursday evening to discuss the interesting points they have found in their daily lives．Besides，they will conduct some surveys among their classmates to dig the roots of the differences．
B．Yale Film Society
Students who are movie-lovers come here to enjoy wonderful movies together and they will learn the actors’ lines．More than that，some nice films produced by themselves will have the chance to be praised by teachers and students on the campus．They will get together every Friday night to hold a small meeting where they will have their opinions exchanged and may recommend some new movies．
C．Yale AIDS Watch
All the members in this club should have some basic knowledge about AIDS and be interested in the serious headache for the people all around the world---AIDS. They will collect the latest reports on the development of the study of the disease．At the same time，they will have some leaflets printed to give out to the students．The time for them to meet is Friday afternoon twice a month．
D．Society of Women
The members are female only and they will pay attention to the problems they come across in their school lives and outside the campus．All the girls are welcome to this club as long as they want to protect their rights as women．They will get together every Sunday afternoon to deal with the letters from girls and try to solve their problems．
E．Yale Pop Band
This band has been very popular among students who are keen on pop music．The members introduce latest albums and most of them are good at singing and each of them plays a key role in any party．They have no regular meetings but keep in touch by mail．
F．Yale Camping Club
There are many opportunities for the members to go hiking or sightseeing．If the weather allows，they will camp along the seaside or river banks．It attracts many students who come from abroad because this will give them opportunity to see more places in the US．

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