题目内容
______ that the flowers were bright as by day.
A. So bright the moon was B. How bright the moon was
C. How bright was the moon D. So bright was the moon
D
Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.?
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A. The description of using amateur records to encourage the public. B. The description of old records kept by amateur naturalists. C. Concerns over amateur data for lacking objectivity and precision. D. The necessity of encouraging amateur collection. E. How people react to their involvement in data collection. F. The application of amateur records to phonology. |
1.______________
Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound notebook out of an envelope. The book's yellowing pages contain beekeeping notes made between 1941 and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire. He adds it to his growing pile of local journals, birdwatchers' lists and gardening diaries. "We're uncovering about one major new record each month," he says, "I still get surprised." Around two centuries before Coates, Robert Marsham, a landowner from Norfolk in east of England, began recording the life cycles of plants and animals on his estate. Successive Marshams continued recording these notes for 211 years.
2._______________
Today, such records are being put to uses that their authors couldn't possibly have expected. These data sets, and others like them, are proving valuable to ecologists interested in the timing of biological events, or phonology. By combining the records with climate data, researchers can reveal how, for example, changes in temperature affect the arrival of spring, allowing ecologists to make improved predictions about the impact of climate change.
3._______________
But not all professionals are happy to use amateur data. "A lot of scientists won't touch them, they say they're too full of problems," says Root. Because different observers can have different ideas of what forms, for example, an open snowdrop. "The biggest concern with ad hoc (临时的) observations is how carefully and systematically they were taken,” says Mark Schwarts of the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, who studies the interactions between plants and climate. "We need to know pretty precisely what a person's been observing—if they just say ‘I noted when the leaves came out’, it might not be that useful.” Measuring the onset of autumn can be particularly problematic because deciding when leaves change color is a more subjective process than noting when they appear.
4._______________
Overall, most phrenologists arc positive about the contribution that amateurs can make. "They get the raw power of science: careful observation of the natural world," says Sagarin. Others suggest that the right statistics can iron out some of the problems with amateur data. Together with colleagues at Wageoingen University in the Netherlands, environmental scientist Arnold van Vliet is developing statistical techniques to account for the uncertainty in amateur phonological data. Besides, the data are cheap to collect, and can provide breadth in space, time and range of species," It’s very difficult to collect data on a large geographical scale without enlisting an army of observers, says Root.
5._______________
Phonology also helps to drive home messages about climate change. “Because the public understand these records, they accept them,” says Sparks. It can also illustrate potentially unpleasant consequences, he adds, such as the finding that more rat infestations are reported to local councils in warmer years. And getting people involved is great for public relations. "People are excited to think that the data they have been collecting as a hobby can be used for something scientific—it empowers them” says Root.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When I was 16 years old, a boy gave me an important present. 1
It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school, and my old school was far away. 2 I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone.
Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart broken, I couldn’t talk with anyone about my problems. And I didn’t want my parents to worry about me.
Then one day, my classmates talked happily with their friends, but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual. 3 I didn’t know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He looked at me, with a smile on his face.
Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel happy, lively and warm.
4 I started to talk with other students and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now!
5 I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think it lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at the world and it will smile back.
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A．At that moment, a boy entered the classroom. |
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B．He’s living in Australia now and he loves it. |
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C．It doesn’t matter because all the dark days have gone. |
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D．It was a smile. |
E. That smile changed my life.
F. It’s impossible to make friends here.
G. As a result, no one knew who I was.
1.______ 2._________ 3._________ 4.________ 5.________