Awareness Weeks(认知宣传周)have become a regular part of Britain's cultural landscape over the past few years. They started back in 1957,when one charity(慈善机构),Christian Aid, decided to make all its money-raising efforts on one time of year. It was thought that by doing this they would get more publicity for their cause.?

They were right, and soon other charities and campaign groups followed them. These days, most donations to charity are not collected on the streets. So instead of just asking for money, charities prefer to spend their time “raising awareness”—spreading knowledge of the work they do or the cause they support. They also compete with businesses and trade groups who use awareness weeks as marketing campaigns for their products.

There are now 500 awareness weeks held every year in the UK. No week goes by without one group or another trying to make the British public aware of something, with most held in May or October.?

The danger with all these awareness weeks is that people start to become cynical(不信任).Take National Smile Week, it seems like a great idea. Let's all make each other's life a little bit happier with a friendly smile. But really it's just a group of dentists and cosmetics companies trying to sell us toothpastes. It's enough to make you want to start National Forget About It Week.?

“People feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises,” says Ms Ormiston, who edits the Awareness Campaign Register, a newsletter which encourages people who run Awareness Weeks to become more aware of each other.“But 90 per cent of campaigns are run by traditional charities or not for groups to make money.”

“There's still no official group for awareness campaigns,” says Ms Ormiston.“People can do what they like, whatever the size of their budgets(经费)or their public relations machines allows.”?

This situation has led to calls for laws to stop real charities having their efforts overshadowed by marketing campaigns. This could be done by making the two groups hold their weeks at different times or stopping businesses running imitation(模仿) charity campaigns.?

But there is another way. Maybe it's time for National Weak Awareness Week, especially for people whose awareness of Awareness Weeks is weak.?

What's the main purpose of awareness weeks run by charities in Britain?

A. To raise money for charities.

B. To spread knowledge of charities.?

C. To take up marketing campaigns.

D. To advertise their goods for sale.?

Why do people start to become cynical about awareness weeks?

A. Too many awareness weeks make people feel bored.?

B. People feel many awareness weeks are just for marketing exercises.?

C. People have a weak awareness of awareness weeks.?

D. Awareness weeks are held too often and too much money is raised.?

What does Ms Ormiston think about awareness weeks??

A. Most of the awareness weeks should not be for making money.?

B. Official groups should take the place of charities in awareness campaigns.?

C. People can do what they like in awareness weeks.?

D. People can get larger budgets through awareness campaigns.?

In many cultures white is often associated with something positive. A white-collar job, for instance, is the kind of job many people look for, working with your brain and not your hands.

White has a clean and pure image. That is why doctors, dentists, and nurses usually wear white uniforms. Babies are dressed in white at baptisms(洗礼)and brides wear white wedding gowns at weddings. White in these cases is the symbol of innocence or purity.

Sometimes white is used in expressions that are not good. “Whitewash” is one such expression. At first, “whitewash” meant to paint over something with white paint to make it look better. However, it means something different today: to hide or to cover up mistakes or failures.

A “white elephant” is another example of white used in a negative way. In ancient Thailand, a white elephant was regarded as a sacred animal, but it was very expensive to keep. The kings of those days presented a white elephant to the people they wanted to ruin. Once they received this holy, royal animal as a gift, they were not allowed to sell or kill it. Today, a “white elephant” means something that is big, useless, and unwanted. In America, when people want to get rid of their furniture or clothes, they often have a “white elephant sale”.

The text is mainly about________.

    A. the meanings of white in English culture  

B. the history of some English idioms

    C. some interesting customs in English culture

    D. some useful English words and expressions

Which expression has an historical background ?

    A. White-wash.                           B. White-collar.

C. White elephant.                         D. White elephant sale.

In which statement does “white” have a negative meaning?

A. A boy is dressed in white at baptisms.     

B. A bride wears a white wedding gown.

C. A man whitewashes his crime.        

D. A girl finds a white collar job.

From the text we can learn that _______.

   A. a white-elephant sale is useful to the poor    

B. the white color is important in our daily life

   C. a white-collar job used to be easy to get

   D. expressions with white have different meanings

The author develops the text mainly by ______.

A. analyzing its cause and effect

B. providing typical examples

C. comparing different ideas

D. following the time order

Bad teeth can be painful -- and worse. They can even be deadly. Infections (感染) of the gums (牙龈) and the teeth can cause bacteria (细菌) to go into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk.
For example, in 2007, doctors in the Washington area said a boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain. They said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care (牙齿保健) he needed. He was twelve years old.
Experts at the National Institutes of Health say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow the growth of bacteria and acid production in the mouth.
But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, only give the child water.
When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently.
The use of fluoride (氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel (珐琅质) , the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.
【小题1】Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage?

A.Concerns for Healthy Teeth of the Young
B.Causes of Teeth Problem
C.Importance of Healthy Teeth of All
D.Solutions to Teeth Problem
【小题2】What's the main idea of paragraph 4 and 5?
A.How to develop babies' teeth.B.How to keep babies' teeth clean
C.Why to protect babies' teethD.Why to keep babies' teeth clean
【小题3】The passage indicates that ______.
A.Enamel is most widely used to protect teeth in the world
B.Breast milk can cure babies' bad teeth
C.Bad teeth may affect the health of adults and the young
D.Babies' teeth should be brushed once per day
【小题4】The writer uses the boy's death as an example to show that ______.
A.not only adults but the young may suffer from teeth problem
B.the doctors should be responsible for the case
C.babies with bad teeth can easily die
D.the boy was not fed with his breast milk

As soon as I saw her, I understood I was in trouble. The tiny 10-year-old girl was staring at me with that specific facial expression which probably only dentists have to enjoy all day long!

Whatever question I asked, whatever activity I suggested, her reaction was pretty much the same — she was frozen with horror. She was sent to our private language school after having been the worst in English at her key school with a pretty strict ELT syllabus(教学大纲), with her peers teasing her for her mistakes in English. Moreover, her state school teacher called her name. To make things worse, she was under pressure from her family for getting bad marks in English. She was definitely expecting me to carry on the same way with her.

I have to admit that I had been staring at her with probably the same expression for a while before eventually she handed in an absolutely incredible composition which I had previously asked the class to write. It was written in perfect handwriting, was full of clever ideas and had correct paragraphing. The girl got her first excellent mark in English, and I praised her generously and from then on I started using her writing skills to support the others. Before doing an oral retelling of a story, she wrote it down. Before presenting her oral project, she was allowed to do the same thing. The day she first put up her hand to orally answer my question addressed to the class I was incredibly happy.

She taught me how to approach withdrawn students — find the skill which they can excel at, in her case writing, and help the student use it to develop other skills!

1.The writer is probably a teacher    

A. in a language training center

B. in a private language school

C. in a state school

D. in a key public school

2.The writer’s first impression of the little girl was that she was    

A. incredibly dull          B. hard to cope with

C. far too lovely            D. pretty confident

3.The girl came to the school because    

A. she had some special skills

B. she was good at writing poems

C. she felt very uncomfortable at her previous school

D. she is poor at her pronunciation

 

Bad teeth can be painful -- and worse. They can even be deadly. Infections (感染) of the gums (牙龈) and the teeth can cause bacteria (细菌) to go into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk.

For example, in 2007, doctors in the Washington area said a boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain. They said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care (牙齿保健) he needed. He was twelve years old.

Experts at the National Institutes of Health say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow the growth of bacteria and acid production in the mouth.

But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, only give the child water.

When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently.

The use of fluoride (氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel (珐琅质) , the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.

1.Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage?

A.Concerns for Healthy Teeth of the Young

B.Causes of Teeth Problem

C.Importance of Healthy Teeth of All

D.Solutions to Teeth Problem

2.What's the main idea of paragraph 4 and 5?

A.How to develop babies' teeth.              B.How to keep babies' teeth clean

C.Why to protect babies' teeth               D.Why to keep babies' teeth clean

3.The passage indicates that ______.

A.Enamel is most widely used to protect teeth in the world

B.Breast milk can cure babies' bad teeth

C.Bad teeth may affect the health of adults and the young

D.Babies' teeth should be brushed once per day

4.The writer uses the boy's death as an example to show that ______.

A.not only adults but the young may suffer from teeth problem

B.the doctors should be responsible for the case

C.babies with bad teeth can easily die

D.the boy was not fed with his breast milk

 

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